新型负压渗灌技术对农田土壤水分精准控制应用  

Application of the New Negative Pressure Irrigation Technology for Accurate Regulation Farmland Soil Moisture

作　　者：赵军 孙明月 高翔[3] 赵成娟 崔四平 周宝元[2] 郭栋 马玮[2] Zhao Jun;Sun Mingyue;Gao Xiang;Zhao Chengjuan;Cui Siping;Zhou Baoyuan;Guo Dong;Ma Wei(Shijiazhuang Yikangnong Technology Development Company,Shijiazhua ng 050000,Hebei,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081,China;Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Shijiazhuang 050051,Hebei,China;Hebei Yishou Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd,Shijiazhuang 050000,Hebei,China;College of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]石家庄益康农科技发展有限公司,河北石家庄050000 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,北京100081 [3]河北省农林科学院,河北石家庄050051 [4]河北一兽药业有限公司,河北石家庄050000 [5]东北农业大学农学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《作物杂志》2020年第6期175-179,共5页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200601;2016YFD0300207);国家自然科学基金(31971851)。

摘　　要：针对节水微灌技术发展,研发出一种新型的负压渗灌系统。新系统将常规的环形管输水改造为直路单向输水,通过控制计量水箱结构和调压器实现了植物对水分连续自动获取,改变了传统的间歇灌溉理念,提高了灌溉精准和自动化程度,同时显著提高了水分利用效率,实现了作物自身需水情况与土壤水分平衡精准供水,促进了水分高效精准利用。负压自动补给灌溉具备节水、节能和保护农业生态环境、保护土地等农业自然资源等优点,从而实现土壤水分的精确和持续控制,使省工、省力、规模化、高效率和高科技的现代农业技术成为现实,彻底颠覆了传统滴灌方式的灌水理念,由人为机械供水改为由土壤水势实时平衡自动、实时、科学调控灌水量,具有广泛的开发前景。A new type of negative pressure infiltration irrigation facilities is applied to solve the water-saving microirrigation technology. The new system transforms the conventional annular pipe water conveyance into a straight oneway water, through the control on metering tank structure and voltage regulator, continuous automatic access to plant to water was realized, that changed the traditional concept of intermittent irrigation and improved irrigation precision and automation degree and improved the water use efficiecy significantly at the same time. Crop water demand and soil water balance with accurate water supply was realized, efficient and accurate use of water was promoted. The advantages of saving water, saving energy, protecting agricultural ecological environment, protecting land and other agricultural natural resources of negative pressure automatic recharge irrigation, precision of the soil water content and control continuously was implemented. Modern agricultural technology came true that saving labour, labour, scale, high efficiency and high technology. The irrigation concept of traditional irrigation was subverted. Instead of artificial mechanical water supplying, irrigation requirement is controlled by real-time equilibrium of soil water potential automatically, in real time, and scientifically with a wide range of development prospects.

关 键 词：负压渗灌技术 水分利用效率 精准控制 节水灌溉 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S275[农业科学—农业基础科学]