关中地区PM2.5时空演化及人口暴露风险  

Spatio-temporal Evolution and Population Exposure Risk to PM in the Guanzhong Area

作　　者：黄晓军[1,2,3] 祁明月 李艳雨 王森 黄馨[4] HUANG Xiao-jun;QI Ming-yue;LI Yan-yu;WANG Sen;HUANG Xin(College of Urban and Environmental Science,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,Xi'an 710127,China;Shaanxi Xi'an Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station,Xi'an 710127,China;College of Land Engineering,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127 [2]陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,西安710127 [3]陕西西安城市生态系统定位观测研究站,西安710127 [4]长安大学土地工程学院,西安710054

出　　处：《环境科学》2020年第12期5245-5255,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41971178);陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLESS201807);西安市社会科学规划基金世界城地组织专项(cds01)。

摘　　要：近年来以细颗粒物PM2.5为代表的大气污染已给人体健康带来严重风险.基于PM2.5遥感反演数据和人口格网分布数据,测度关中地区人口暴露于PM2.5的风险程度,并采用Theil-Sen Median趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验和空间自相关分析等方法,探索2000~2016年关中地区PM2.5及人口暴露风险的时空演化过程.结果表明:①2006、2007和2013年关中地区污染重且范围广,这3 a在40%以上区域PM2.5年均质量浓度超过了35μg·m^-3的限值,2000~2016年关中地区PM2.5空间分布范围不断扩大,形成了自中部向东北部的连续带状集中分布区;②2000~2016年,关中地区几乎每年都有超过60%的人口暴露在PM2.5年均35μg·m^-3质量浓度限值以上,且人口暴露风险不断加剧,尤其是2011年后,人口暴露的高风险区范围持续增加;③2000~2016年关中地区PM2.5人口暴露风险格局大体相似,较高等级以上风险区主要集中在关中地区中部,东西方向上形成连续的带状分布区,高值区集中在几个主要城市的中心城区,低值区则主要分布在关中地区周边广大区域.In recent years,atmospheric pollution represented by fine particulate matter PM2.5 pollution has seriously threatened human health.Therefore,it is important to identify the risk level of population exposure to PM2.5.Based on PM2.5 remote sensing inversion data and population distribution,this study measured the risk level of population exposure to PM2.5 in the Guanzhong area.Furthermore,the methods of Theil-Sen Median trend analysis,Mann-Kendall test,and geo-spatial analysis were used to reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics of population exposures risk to PM2.5 in the Guanzhong area from 2000 to 2016.The results show that:①The years with heavy pollution and wide range in the Guanzhong area are 2006,2007,and 2013,and the annual average concentration of PM2.5 exceeded 35μg·m^-3 in more than 40%of the Guanzhong area.From 2000 to 2016,the spatial distribution range of PM2.5 in the Guanzhong area continued to expand,forming a continuous belt-shaped concentrated distribution area from the center to the northeast.②More than 60%of the population in the Guanzhong area was exposed in the areas with annual average concentration of PM2.5 above 35μg·m^-3 from 2000 to 2016,and the population exposure risk continued to increase,especially after 2011,the range of the high-risk area expanded dramatically.③The pattern of population exposure risk to PM2.5 in the Guanzhong area was generally similar from 2000 to 2016.The areas with higher risk levels were mainly concentrated in the central Guanzhong area,forming a continuous belt-shaped distribution area from west to east.The areas with the highest value were distributed in the urban areas of several major cities,while the areas with the lowest value were mainly concentrated in the surrounding areas of Guanzhong.

关 键 词：PM2.5 时空演化 人口暴露风险 关中地区 Theil-Sen趋势分析 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]