我国西北工业区城市大气多氯联苯来源及健康风险  

Sources and Health Risks of Atmospheric Polychlorinated Biphenyls in an Urban/Industrial Areas,Northwest China

作　　者：毛潇萱 李子璇 宋世杰 章晓冬 高宏 李春新 黄韬 马建民 MAO Xiao-xuan;LI Zi-xuan;SONG Shi-jie;ZHANG Xiao-dong;GAO Hong;LI Chun-xin;HUANG Tao;MA Jian-min(Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control,Gansu Province,College of Earth and Environmental Seiences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Urbsan and Environmental Sciences,Peking Universit,Beijing 100871,China;Gansu Chemical Industry Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院甘肃省环境污染预警与控制重点实验室,兰州730000 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871 [3]甘肃省化工研究院有限责任公司,兰州730000

出　　处：《环境科学》2020年第12期5352-5361,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41701582);国家自然科学基金项目(41671460,41877507)。

摘　　要：采用大气被动采样器观测了我国西北城市皋兰的城区和工业集中区2018年非取暖季和取暖季大气中18种多氯联苯(PCBs)的浓度及污染特征,并利用主成分分析、轨迹模型以及呼吸暴露模型对其污染来源和传输迁移、人群健康风险进行分析和评价.研究区大气PCBs浓度为110.2~429.9 pg·m^-3,平均污染程度工业园区较高;PCBs组成以四氯联苯和五氯联苯为主,并且取暖季四氯联苯所占比重明显上升.PCBs污染源以燃烧和工业热过程源、含PCBs电气设备源和PCBs混合源为主,燃烧和工业热过程源污染贡献高于其他污染源,污染贡献达到40.8%;研究区PCBs污染可能在较大程度上受到UP-PCBs排放的影响.轨迹分析表明研究区PCBs可能会通过大气输送至兰州城区;非取暖季研究区可能主要受局地污染的影响,而取暖季则可能会受到西北方向PCBs的污染输入.健康风险评价显示各年龄段人群大气PCBs暴露的非致癌风险水平较低,但终生致癌风险已超过10-6水平.燃烧和热过程源PCBs排放对居民PCBs暴露有较强影响,且居民长期的PCBs呼吸暴露可能会对其健康产生不利影响.A passive air sampler was used to monitor the concentration and contamination profile of 18 polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)in the atmosphere over the urban and industrial area of Gaolan,a city in northwest China,during the non-heating and heating seasons of 2018,and the sources,pollutant transport,and the health risks of PCB exposure were analyzed and assessed using principle component analysis,trajectory modeling,and inhalation exposure modeling.The atmospheric concentration in the study area ranged from 110.2 to 429.9 pg·m^-3,and the highest average concentration was found at the industrial estate.Tetra-PCBs and penta-PCBs were the dominant homologue groups,and the percentage of tetra-PCBs increased in the heating season.Combustion and industrial thermal processes,PCB-containing electrical equipment,and the combined source of volatilization from paint,combustion,and industrial thermal processes were considered to be the main sources,and the source of combustion and industrial thermal processes contributed the largest proportion of PCBs at 40.8%.Largely,the emission of UP-PCBs would significantly influence PCB pollution in the study area.Trajectory analysis results illustrated that PCBs emitted from sources in the study area would be transmitted to Lanzhou City atmospherically;local pollution would be the main source of PCBs contamination in the study area during the non-heating season,while the atmospheric input of PCBs transmitted from the northwest region would be another source during the heating season.Health risk analysis showed that the non-cancer risk of PCBs exposure was low in all age groups;however,lifetime cancer risks exceeded 10-6.PCBs emitted from combustion and industrial thermal processes sources would have a strong impact on resident exposure to PCBs,and adverse health effects would be caused due to long-term inhalation exposure of the inhabitants to PCBs contamination in the study area.

关 键 词：多氯联苯(PCBs) 大气污染 被动采样 污染来源 轨迹分析 呼吸暴露 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4