太湖重点区域多介质水体中有机磷酸酯的分布特征及来源解析  

Distribution Characteristics and Source Identification of Organophosphate Esters in Key Waters Areas of Taihu Lake

作　　者：吕佳佩[1,2] 张振飞 刘杨 张恒 王春英[3] 罗莹 郭昌胜[1,2] 徐建[1,2] LüJia-pei;ZHANG Zhen-fei;LIU Yang;ZHANG Heng;WANG Chun-ying;LUO Ying;GUO Chang-sheng;XU Jian(Center for Environmental Health Risk Assessment and Research,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;College of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China;College of Science,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境健康风险评估与研究中心,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院,国家环境保护化学品生态效应与风险评估重点实验室,北京100012 [3]江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院,赣州341000 [4]中北大学理学院,太原030051

出　　处：《环境科学》2020年第12期5438-5447,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07301005-003);国家自然科学基金项目(51208482);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1803401-004)。

摘　　要：有机磷酸酯(organophosphate esters,OPEs)具有细胞毒性、遗传毒性、发育毒性、神经毒性和内分泌干扰效应等,大量地使用导致其在多种环境介质中被检出,对生态系统造成潜在风险.本文分析了太湖重点区域(常州地区)典型行业企业废水、污水处理厂进出水和地表水中13种典型OPEs的浓度水平及分布特征,使用相关性分析和主成分分析方法解析地表水中OPEs来源,并评价了其生态风险.结果表明,7家企业废水中ΣOPEs浓度为91.70~840.52 ng·L^-1,不同类型企业废水中OPEs组成各有差别,但多以磷酸三(1-氯-2-丙基)酯(TCPP)、磷酸三乙酯(TEP)和磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)为主.污水处理厂进出水中ΣOPEs浓度较高,为1859.59~2778.57 ng·L^-1,且传统污水处理工艺对其去除效果有限,2家污水厂对总ΣOPEs去除率分别为14.97%和17.32%,其中对芳香基OPEs的去除率分别为97.91%和90.83%,而对氯代OPEs去除率仅为4.37%和5.40%.在京杭大运河和丹金溧漕河的14个地表水中ΣOPEs浓度为219.47~689.85 ng·L^-1,明显低于污水厂进出水中OPEs浓度,主要以TEP、TCPP和TCEP为主.对OPEs来源进行解析,结果表明企业废水排放、废油废气的排放和建筑材料的释放可能是该地区地表水环境中OPEs的主要来源.风险商方法评价结果表明,水体中多数OPEs对水生生物具有较低的风险,但部分点位2-乙基己基二苯基磷酸酯(EHDPP)具有中等生态风险.Organophosphate esters(OPEs)are ubiquitous in the environment and pose potential risks to ecosystems in that they produce cytotoxicity,genetic toxicity,developmental toxicity,neurotoxicity,and the endocrine disrupting effect.This study aimed to investigate the distribution,sources,and ecological risk of thirteen OPEs in industrial wastewater,influents and effluents of wastewater treatment plants,and the surface waters of key areas(Changzhou City)in Taihu Lake.The results showed thatΣOPEs in industrial wastewater ranged from 91.70-840.52 ng·L^-1.The profiles varied from different industries;however,tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate(TCPP),triethyl phosphate(TEP),and tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate(TCEP)were the dominant compounds.TheΣOPEs from the wastewater treatment plants were relatively higher,ranging from 1859.59-2778.57 ng·L^-1.They are rather resistant to traditional wastewater treatment techniques.The removal rate ofΣOPEs,aryl OPEs,and chlorinated OPEs was 14.97%,97.91%,and 4.37%(for W1)and 17.32%,90.83%,and 5.40%(for W2),respectively.The concentration of OPEs in the surface water was in the range of 219.47-689.85 ng·L^-1,which was lower than that in wastewater.In addition,TEP,TCPP and TCEP predominated in the surface water samples.A principle component analysis(PCA)indicated that the industrial wastewater,emissions of vehicles,and the release of building materials may be the main sources of OPEs in the study area.A risk quotient was used to assess the ecological risk of OPEs to aquatic organisms in the surface water.Most of the OPEs showed low ecological risk,but 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate(EHDPP)posed a moderate risk in some sites,and the possible ecological effects caused by the OPEs should not be ignored in the key areas of Taihu Lake.

关 键 词：有机磷酸酯(OPEs) 企业废水 污水处理厂 地表水 来源解析 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]