废弃物基水热炭改良对水稻产量及氮素吸收的影响  

Effects of Modified Biowaste-based Hydrochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Uptake

作　　者：侯朋福[1,2] 薛利红 冯彦房[1,2] 余姗 杨林章[1] HOU Peng-fu;XUE Li-hong;FENG Yan-fang;YU Shan;YANG Lin-zhang(Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;School of Environmental and Safety Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212001,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,南京210014 [2]江苏大学环境与安全工程学院,镇江212001

出　　处：《环境科学》2020年第12期5648-5655,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41877090);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300104);江苏省农业科技自主创新项目(CX(19)1007)。

摘　　要：生物炭农田回用是实现农林废弃物资源化利用和碳封存的有效手段.近年来,水热碳化技术由于在炭产率、能耗及生产过程中的烟气排放等方面显著优于常规热解碳化技术而受到关注.为实现农林废弃物的资源化利用,明确水热炭农田应用对作物生产力的影响,本研究通过原状土柱模拟试验和表征分析,研究了4种不同类型改良水热炭对两种典型土壤的水稻产量和氮素吸收的影响及可能的驱动因素.结果表明,锯末水热炭和秸秆水热炭经物理或生物改良后,在两种类型土壤上均能够增加水稻产量和氮素吸收,减少氮素损失,且其效应不受水热炭添加量影响(5‰,15‰;质量分数).与对照相比,水热炭添加处理的产量和氮素吸收量分别提高9.2%~20.7%和7.7%~17.0%.高C/N比的锯末水热炭更有利于高肥力土壤水稻氮素吸收量的增加;而低肥力土壤由于限制性因子较多,受水热炭类型的影响较小.通过对水热炭的表征分析发现,其表面养分元素丰富;水洗或生物改良后其表面孔隙结构有较大改善,C元素相对含量明显降低,N和O元素相对含量明显增加,这对养分的固持/供应可能产生影响.因此,水热炭改良后孔隙结构的改变和N、O元素含量的增加可能是其施用后水稻产量和氮素吸收增加的关键驱动因素.结果说明,水热碳化材料改良后应用农田可以在实现农林废弃物资源化利用的同时,提高作物生产力,减少农田氮素环境损失.Biochar application on farmlands is an efficient way to realize agricultural/forestry biowaste recycling in parallel with carbon sequestration.Recently,hydrochar produced by hydrothermal carbonization processes has attracted attention due to the advantages over conventional pyrolytic production(i.e.,easier production process,higher carbon yield,reduced energy consumption,and lower flue gas emissions).To clarify the effects of hydrochar applied in farmlands on crop production,as well as to realize the recycling of agricultural/forestry biowaste resources,this study evaluated the effects of four types of modified-hydrochar addition on rice yield and nitrogen uptake in two typical soils and the possible influencing factors through soil-column experiments and material characterization.The results showed that sawdust hydrochar and/or straw hydrochar could increase rice yield and nitrogen uptake,as well as reduce N loss,in both treated soils after physical or biological modification,an effect that was independent of the application rate(5‰,15‰;mass fraction).In comparison to the control,the rice yield and nitrogen uptake of hydrochar-addition treatments increased by 9.2%-20.7%and 7.7%-17.0%respectively.Sawdust hydrochar,with a wider C/N material,was conducive to improving nitrogen uptake in high fertility soils;meanwhile,the nitrogen utilization in low fertility soils was less affected by the type of hydrochar due to the limitations imposed by multiple factors.The results of material characterization showed that the surface of the hydrochar was rich in nutrients;the pore structure of hydrochar after washing or biological modification was greatly improved,the relative content of C was remarkably reduced,and the relative contents of N and O notably increased,which could affect nutrient fixation and supply.Thus,the improved pore structure and increased contents of N and O of modified hydrochars may be the key drivers for the increase in rice yield and nitrogen uptake with hydrochar addition.These results suggest that

关 键 词：农林废弃物 资源化利用 水热碳化 作物生产力 氮素吸收 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]