菜籽油枯有机无机复混肥对烤烟产质量及养分利用率的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Rapeseed-cake as Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizer on Yield,Quality and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：余小芬[1] 杨树明[1] 邹炳礼[1] 解燕[2] 刘加红 张瑞勤[2] 吕亚琼[2] 蔡永占 张素华[3] 李军营[4] 邱学礼[1] YU Xiaofen;YANG Shuming;ZOU Bingli;XIE Yan;LIU Jiahong;ZHANG Ruiqin;LÜYaqiong;CAI Yongzhan;ZHANG Suhua;LI Junying;QIU Xueli(Agricultural Resources&Environment Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Qujing Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company,Qujing,Yunnan 655002,China;Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China;Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650021,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650205 [2]云南省烟草公司曲靖市公司,云南曲靖655002 [3]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所,昆明650205 [4]云南省烟草农业科学研究院,昆明650021

出　　处：《土壤学报》2020年第6期1564-1574,共11页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(2019530000241033,2019530000241014);云南省科技重点研发(农业)项目(2018BB019)资助。

摘　　要：探索添加300 g·kg–1和400 g·kg–1菜籽油枯制成的有机无机复混肥(以OR30和OR40表示)对烤烟生长、产质量及养分利用率的影响,为提高云南菜籽油枯资源的利用效率和提升烟叶品质提供科学依据。以烤烟品种K326为材料,采用大田试验,设置10个处理:T1,施化肥,即烟草专用复合肥400 kg·hm^(–2)+过磷酸钙362.5 kg·hm^(–2)+硫酸钾160 kg·hm^(–2)(纯氮60 kg·hm^(–2)),T2,施OR30400 kg·hm^(–2)(等氮);T3,施OR30265 kg·hm^(–2)和硝酸钾150 kg·hm^(–2)(等氮);T4,施OR30225 kg·hm^(–2)和硝酸钾150 kg·hm^(–2)(减氮10%);T5,施OR30440 kg·hm^(–2)(增氮10%);T6,施OR40500 kg·hm^(–2)(等氮);T7,施OR40331.2 kg·hm^(–2)和硝酸钾150 kg·hm^(–2)(等氮);T8,施OR40281.2 kg·hm^(–2)和硝酸钾150 kg·hm^(–2)(减氮10%);T9,施OR40550 kg·hm^(–2)(增氮10%);T10,不施肥。结果表明,与化肥(T1)相比,T2、T3、T5、T7和T9促进烟株生长明显,叶面积和叶面积系数分别显著增加1.74%~4.51%、4.47%~19.11%;T4、T5、T7和T9的根鲜物质量、根干物质量和根体积较T1均显著增加。T2、T4、T5、T7和T9增产率为2.69%~7.46%,T2、T5和T9产值较T1分别显著提高10.99%~13.46%。T2、T4、T7和T9中部烟叶总糖、还原糖、氧化钾和水溶性氯含量升高,总氮、烟碱含量下降,烟叶化学成分更加协调。与T1相比,T2、T4、T5、T7和T9显著提高氮素表观利用率9.31%~25.17%,氮素生理利用率提高7.67%~22.32%;T2、T4和T9磷素表观利用率及生理利用率分别提高19.85%~28.05%和14.71%~21.39%;T2、T4、T5和T9分别增加钾素表观利用率及生理利用率8.55%~17.40%和9.06%~21.98%。综合分析表明,适量的油枯有机无机复混肥(T5和T9)或搭配追施硝酸钾(T4和T7)可促进烟株地上部和根部的生长,促进氮、磷、钾吸收,提高烟叶产质量。A field experiment was conducted to explore effects of combined application of organic manure(300 g·kg–1 or 400 g·kg–1 rapeseed cake)and chemical fertilizer on yield,quality and nutrient utilization efficiency of flue-cured tobacco,in an attempt to provide scientific basis for improving utilization efficiency of the rapeseed resources and tobacco quality.Using flue-cured tobacco of cultivar K326 as test material,the experiment was designed to have ten fertilization treatments,i.e.T1(chemical fertilizer,consisting of 400 kg·hm^(–2) specialized tobacco fertilizer equal to 60 kg·hm^(–2) in N nutrient+362.5 kg·hm^(–2) superphosphate+160 kg·hm^(–2) potassium sulfate as control),T2(OR30 at 400 kg·hm^(–2),equal to T1 in N rate),T3(OR30 at 265 kg·hm^(–2),equal to T1 in N rate,and 150 kg·hm^(–2) potassium nitrate,),T4(OR30 at 225 kg·hm^(–2),10%less than T1 in N rate,and 150 kg·hm^(–2) potassium nitrate),T5(OR30 at 440 kg·hm^(–2),10%more than T1 in N rate),T6(OR40 at 500 kg·hm^(–2),equal to T1 in N rate),T7(OR40 at 331.2 kg·hm^(–2) and 150 kg·hm^(–2) potassium nitrate,equal to T1 in N rate),T8(OR40 at 281.2 kg·hm^(–2) and 150 kg·hm^(–2) potassium nitrate,10%less than T1 in N rate),T9(OR40 at 550 kg·hm^(–2),10%more than T1 in N rate)and T10(neither manure or fertilizer).Results showed that compared with treatment T1,Treatments T2,T3,T5,T7 and T9 significantly improved growth,leaf area and leaf area coefficient of the tobacco plants by 1.74%–4.51%and 4.47%–19.11%,respectively.Compared with treatment T1,Treatments T4,T5,T7 and T9 significantly increased fresh weight,dry weight and root volume of the plants;Treatments T2,T4,T5,T7 and T9 increased by 2.69%-7.46%in yield,increase rate;and Treatments T2,T5 and T9 increased significantly or by 10.99%-13.46%in output.Meanwhile,Treatments T2,T4,T7 and T9 increased contents of total sugar,reducing sugar,potassium oxide and water-soluble chlorine,and decreased the content of total nitrogen and nicotine in the middle position to

关 键 词：有机无机复混肥 品质 产量 烤烟 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S147[农业科学—肥料学]