朱砂根开花生物学特性及花粉生活力研究  

Study on Flowering Biological Characteristics and Pollen Viability of Ardisia crenata

作　　者：陈菊艳 陈锐 邓伦秀 CHEN Ju-yan;CHEN Rui;DENG Lun-xiu(Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang Guizhou 550005)

机构地区：[1]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵州贵阳550005

出　　处：《贵州林业科技》2020年第4期1-5,14,共6页Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：贵州省林业科学研究院院长基金项目:“虎舌红杂交育种研究”(黔科合平台人才[2016]5711-YZJJChenJY);贵州省林业科学研究院院长基金项目:“5种珍稀花卉盆苗基质筛选研究”(黔科合平台人才[2016]5711-YZJJChenR);贵州省林业厅年度科技计划项目:“优良观赏植物红凉伞种质资源收集、评价与培育技术研究”(黔林科合[2017]02);贵州省科技厅科技计划项目:“贵州乡土珍稀花卉研发团队服务企业行动计划”(黔科合平台人才[2016]5711)。

摘　　要：对朱砂根的开花物候期及花粉生活力进行观察,并对其花粉的贮藏条件进行初步研究。结果表明:朱砂根雌雄同花,花期5月-6月,持续40d左右。单心皮雌蕊,子房上位,绿色,椭圆球型,花柱和子房上均具黑褐色腺点;整个花部无蜜腺。朱砂根单花开放持续时间约为3d,但也有花朵开放2d或4d后花瓣就开始萎蔫脱落。朱砂根一个花序有5-40朵小花,一个花序平均的花期为10d,单株的平均花期是22d。朱砂根一年只开一次花,产地不同花期有别,环境差异花期也不同。用碘化钾法和TTC法测定朱砂根花粉活力大小,结果表明:TTC法较适合朱砂根花粉活力测定,朱砂根花粉不耐高温,也不耐低温,在-20℃条件下储藏其花粉活力反而更低,三种花粉储藏方式下4℃最适宜花粉的保存,且保存时间为3d。对朱砂根花粉进行离体培养,筛选出来的最佳培养基是0.2%CaCl2+0.03%H3BO3+20%蔗糖+10%PEG4000,萌发率为75%。The flowering phenology and pollen viability of Ardisia crenata were observed and the storage conditions of its pollen were studied.The results showed that Ardisia crenata was monoecious and its florescence was from May to June,and the florescence lasts about 40 days.It has green single carpel pistil,ovary superior,ellipsoid,with black brown glandular spots on style and ovary,and no nectary in the whole flower.The flowering duration of Ardisia crenata was about 3 days,but some flowers began to wilt and fall off after 2 or 4 days.There were 5-40 florets in an inflorescence of Ardisia crenata.The average flowering period of an inflorescence was 10 days and that of a single plant was 22 days.Ardisia crenata only blooms once a year.The florescence of Ardisia crenata was different in different habitats and environments.The pollen viability of Ardisia crenata was determined by potassium iodide and TTC method.The results showed that TTC method was more suitable for the determination of the pollen viability of Ardisia crenata.The pollen of Ardisia crenata was neither resistant to high temperature nor low temperature,and its pollen vitality was lower when stored at-20℃.Under the three storage methods,4℃was the most suitable for pollen preservation,and the preservation time was 3 days.The best culture medium was 0.2%CaCl2+0.03%H3BO3+20%sucrose+10%PEG4000 by in vitro culture of Ardisia crenata pollen,and the germination rate was 75%.

关 键 词：朱砂根 开花生物学特性 花粉活力 

分 类 号：S567[农业科学—中草药栽培]