河南信阳战国楚墓出土彩席漆膜的成分、表面形态及髹漆工艺分析  

Analysis of the composition,surface morphology and lacquering craft of the lacquer film of a painted mat unearthed from a Chu tomb of the Warring States period in Xinyang,Henan Province

作　　者：贺思予 陈家昌 张良帅 武志江 HE Siyu;CHEN Jiachang;ZHANG Liangshuai;WU Zhijiang(School of History, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology, Zhengzhou 450099, China;Key Scientific Research Base of Urban Archaeology and Protection (Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology), State Administration for Cultural Heritage, Zhengzhou 450099, China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史学院,河南郑州450001 [2]河南省文物考古研究院,河南郑州450099 [3]城市考古与保护国家文物局重点科研基地(河南省文物考古研究院),河南郑州450099

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2020年第6期31-39,共9页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：城市考古与保护国家文物局重点科研基地项目资助(HNCAC2018003);国家文物局文化遗产保护科学和技术研究课题资助(20090113)。

摘　　要：河南信阳城阳城遗址M8为高等级战国晚期楚国贵族墓,该墓出土了以漆木器为主的各类文物400余件,其中尤以黑、红两色竹蔑编织而成的髹漆竹席最为精美。为开展彩漆竹席脱水保护提供基础数据,采用激光共聚焦显微镜、拉曼分析仪和傅里叶红外吸收光谱仪(FTIR)及扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)等现代分析仪器对竹席漆膜的成分及表面形态进行了分析,并在此基础上,结合传统髹漆文献资料探讨了漆膜的制作工艺。结果表明:城阳城彩席中的黑色漆膜为大漆自然显色,红色漆膜是大漆掺加朱砂调制而成;黑色漆膜表面较为平整,漆膜与胎体结合紧密,红色漆膜表面相对粗糙,结构较为疏松;竹席漆膜的厚度在0.02~0.03 mm之间,应是由大漆涂刷至少3~5次制备而成。研究结果可为下一步的彩漆竹席的脱水保护及展示提供基础数据。The no.8 Grave at Chengyangcheng Site,located in Xinyang,Henan Province,is a noble tomb of Chu State during the late Warring States Period.More than 400 pieces of lacquer and wooden wares were excavated from the tomb,of which a lacquer-bamboo mat woven with black and red bamboo strips was the most exquisite.In order to understand the production process and to carry out the research on protection from dehydration of the painted bamboo mat,the composition and surface morphology of the bamboo mat lacquer film were analyzed using laser confocal microscopy,Raman spectrometry,Fourier infrared absorption spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry.The results show that the black color of bamboo mat lacquer film is the natural color of lacquer,and the red one is the color of lacquer mixed with vermilion.The surface of the black lacquer film is smooth and has a tight combination with the bamboo body,whereas the surface of red lacquer film is rough and its structure is loose.The lacquer film is between 0.02 and 0.03 mm thick,and is thought to have been formed by brushing with lacquer three to five times,based on simulated lacquer films.

关 键 词：漆膜 成分分析 表面形态 髹漆工艺 

分 类 号：K876.7[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]