海月水母螅状体无性繁殖方式观察及一种新发现报道  

Laboratory observation and a new discovery report on the asexual reproduction of Aurelia coerulea polyp

作　　者：孙明[1,2,3] 段妍 柴雨[1] 董婧[1] 王一彤[1,4] 邢勤旺 李楠 SUN Ming;DUAN Yan;CHAI Yu;DONG Jing;WANG Yitong;XING Qinwang;LI Nan(Liaoning Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute,Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Ecology,Dalian Key Laboratory of Conservation of Fishery Resources,Dalian 116023,China;Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology,Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Marine Science and Environment,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Fisheries College,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;College of Marine Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院辽宁省海洋生物资源与生态学重点实验室,大连市渔业资源养护重点实验室,辽宁大连116023 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所实验海洋生物学重点实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]大连海洋大学海洋科技与环境学院,辽宁大连116023 [5]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003 [6]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2020年第12期2007-2016,共10页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1404400);辽宁省“百千万人才工程”资助(2016921038);辽宁省自然科学基金(2015020795);辽宁省科学事业公益研究基金(20180053);国家自然科学基金(41906138;31770458;31400406);辽宁省海洋与渔业科研计划(201835)。

摘　　要：无性繁殖是水母螅状体有效补充种群数量及扩展栖息地的重要方式,为正确掌握海月水母的无性繁殖方式进而深入了解其生活史,在显微镜下常年观察并详细描述了海月水母螅状体进行匍匐茎生殖、芽体生殖、足囊生殖、繁殖体生殖、纵向分裂生殖和破裂生殖等复杂无性繁殖方式的过程,发现繁殖体生殖可产生浮游态繁殖体芽,在水中漂浮并生长发育成螅状体,新发现一种破裂生殖方式,仅发生在螅状体极度饱食的状态下。对6种无性繁殖方式的行为特征和功能作用进行了对比分析,认为匍匐茎生殖和破裂生殖有利于螅状体种群快速增加个体数量,芽体生殖和纵向分裂生殖有利于子代幼体生长,足囊生殖有利于种群抵御不良的环境条件,繁殖体生殖有利于种群随水流进行长距离迁移,以扩展或转移栖息地。研究表明,不同的繁殖方式是海月水母应对不同环境条件的适应性繁殖对策。The moon jellyfish(Aurelia spp.) is a cosmopolitan species and often blooms to cause detrimental effects on human enterprises in many coastal waters. A population explosion of the sibling species Aurelia coerulea often occurred in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in recent years. In addition, the moon jellyfish is one of the most common ornamental jellyfish in aquariums and holds great economic importance. Asexual reproduction is an important way for increasing the polyp population and expanding habitat. It is beneficial to understand the life history of the jellyfish deeply so as to grasp the asexual reproduction types and ways correctly. In this paper, we described the characteristics of asexual reproduction including stolon, budding, podocysts, longitudinal fission, and propagules reproduction by observation on more than 1 000 A. coerulea polyps with a microscope. It was found that propagule bud can float under the surface of water and develop to the young polyp without sinking and adhering. A new form of rupture reproduction has been discovered, which only occurs in good condition with ample food supply. The comparison of the behavioral processes and function characteristics of six modes of asexual reproduction showed that stolon reproduction and rupture reproduction were beneficial to the rapid increase of the number of individuals in the polyp population;budding reproduction and longitudinal fission reproduction were conducive to the growth of offspring, podocysts reproduction helped the population to resist adverse environmental conditions. Propagules reproduction facilitated the migration of populations over long distances with water currents to expand or transfer habitats. Various asexual reproductions are the adaptive strategies of polyp population in response to different environmental conditions. The results are helpful to improve the breeding techniques and provide basic data for the further study of the population dynamics of Chinese coastal sea jellyfish and the exploration of the causes of large jelly

关 键 词：海月水母 水族观赏 生活史 匍匐茎生殖 足囊生殖 繁殖体生殖 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]