不同基因型和生态条件对小麦品质和氮素利用效率的影响  

Effects of Different Genotypes and Ecological Conditions on Wheat Quality and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

作　　者：乔祥梅[1] 王志伟[1] 黄锦[2] 王志龙[1] 程加省[1] 杨金华[1] 于亚雄[1] QIAO Xiang-mei;WANG Zhi-wei;HUANG Jin;WANG Zhi-long;CHENG Jia-sheng;YANG Jin-hua;YU Ya-xiong(Institute of Food Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Wheat Improvement Center Yunnan Branch,Yunnan Kunming 650205,China;Scientific Research Management Department,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yunnan Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/国家小麦改良中心云南分中心,云南昆明650205 [2]云南省农业科学院科研管理处,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第11期2572-2576,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南省科技计划青年项目(2017FD197);国家重点研发计划“七大作物育种”重点专项(2017YFD0100900);国家小麦现代产业技术体系小麦云南综合试验站(CARS-03-2-43)。

摘　　要：【目的】为氮高效优质小麦品种的选育和栽培提供理论依据,【方法】以不同基因型的7个高产小麦品种为材料,在丽江和昆明2地进行田间试验,综合分析基因型、环境对小麦氮效率和品质的影响。【结果】小麦氮肥生产效率和品质均显著受地点的影响,同时显著存在品种×地点的互作效应;其中,品种效应相对较小,品种×地点的互作效应对氮肥生产效率的影响较大,地点对品质的影响较大。2个地点中,丽江点的氮肥吸收和生产效率显著高于昆明点,但品质相对较差;7个品种中,不同品种氮效率因评价指标不同而存在差异,云麦77氮素吸收利用及转运能力均较强,且品质相对较好;云麦53、云麦64和云麦76氮素吸收能力强;云麦57和云麦68氮素利用、转运能力强,且品质好。【结论】兼顾品质和氮效率,云麦77是综合表现最好的品种,其次是云麦57和云麦68。【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical basis for the breeding and cultivation of nitrogen efficient and high quality wheat varieties.【Method】Seven high-yield wheat varieties with different genotypes were used as materials.Field experiments were conducted in Lijiang and Kunming to analyze the effects of genotypes and environment on nitrogen fertilizer absorption and utilization efficiency and quality of wheat.【Result】The results showed that the nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency and quality of wheat were significantly affected by site,and there was a significant interaction effect of variety×site.Among them,the variety effect was relatively small,the interaction effect of variety×site had a great influence on the nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency,and the location had a great influence on the quality.Among the two sites,the nitrogen fertilizer absorption and production efficiency in Lijiang were significantly higher than those in Kunming,but the quality was relatively poor.Among the seven varieties,the nitrogen efficiency of different varieties was different because of different evaluation indexes.Yunmai 77 had strong nitrogen absorption,utilization and transport ability,and relatively good quality.Yunmai 53,Yunmai 64 and Yunmai 76 had strong nitrogen absorption capacity.Yunmai 57 and Yunmai 68 had strong nitrogen utilization,transport ability and good quality.【Conclusion】Considering both quality and nitrogen efficiency,Yunmai 77 was the best variety,followed by Yunmai 57 and Yunmai 68.

关 键 词：籽粒品质 氮素利用效率 基因型 生态条件 云南 小麦 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]