九万山常绿阔叶林物种组成及空间结构特征分析  

Analysis of species composition and spatial structure characteristics of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Jiuwan mountain

作　　者：彭玉华[1] 曾健 申文辉[1] 何峰[1] 郑威[1] 何琴飞[1] 欧芷阳[1] PENG Yuhua;ZENG Jian;SHEN Wenhui;HE Feng;ZHENG Wei;HE Qinfei;OU Zhiyang(Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Nanning 530002,Guangxi,China;Bureau of Guangxi Jiuwan Mountain Nature Reserve,Rongshui 545300,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院,广西南宁530002 [2]广西九万山国家级自然保护区管理中心,广西融水545300

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2020年第12期17-25,共9页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0601101-4);广西林业科技项目(桂林科研〔2015〕第34号)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了探究九万山自然保护区常绿阔叶林物种组成特点及空间结构分布特征。【方法】于2017年建立了2 hm2固定监测样地,逐一测量并记录样地中所有胸径(DBH)≥2 cm的林木的树高、胸径,并对其挂牌标记、鉴定和确定坐标位置等群落调查,从林分物种组成、空间分布格局等分析该区域常绿阔叶林物种组成和群落结构。【结果】1)样方内DBH≥2 cm的木本植物个体共8934株,隶属于53科99属192种,为典型的阔叶混交异龄林;群落优势树种不明显,由较多的优势种形成了群落的共建种;树高≤10 m的林木占比超过70%;径级≤8 cm的林木占比超过65%。2)2个样方林分的混交度分别达到0.851和0.842,树种混交状况良好,隔离程度较高。3)林分林木大小分化不明显,绝对劣势的林木个体比例稍大于优势木个体,林分整体处于中庸偏劣势过渡状态;林分内主要树种间的大小分化存在很大差异(大小比数范围0.099~0.727)。4)整体林分和主要种群中大多数林木个体为随机分布,均匀分布和不均匀分布频率差异不大,团状分布远大于绝对均匀分布,林分整体呈轻度聚集分布。5)林分空间结构指数和林分空间结构距离分析得出,九万山群落林分结构与自然顶极群落还有一定的差距。【结论】通过采取有效的经营措施优化林分空间结构,改善森林状况,使之得到更有效的保护和管理,达到稳定的群落状态。【Objective】In order to explore the species composition and spatial structure characteristic of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Jiuwan mountain nature reserve.【Method】2 hm2 fixed monitoring samples were established in year 2017.Tree height,diameter at breast height(DBH),relative coordinates and other factors of trees(DBH≥2 cm)had be measured to analyze the community species composition and spatial distribution pattern.【Result】1)There were 8934 individual woody plants(DBH≥2 cm)in the plots,which belonged to 192 species,99 generas and 53 families.The communities were typical broad-leaved mixed aged forests and haven’t obvious dominant tree species.The trees lower than 10 m in height and smaller than 8 cm in DBH accounted for more than 70%and 65%,respectively.2)The mixed degree of the two stands reached 0.851 and 0.842,respectively.Tree species had a great mixed condition and high isolation degree.3)The forest size differentiation of community stands was not obvious,and the proportion of trees with absolute inferior position was slightly higher than that of trees with superior position,and the stand was in the transition state of mean and partial inferior position.There was a great difference in the size differentiation among the main tree species in the stand(the size ratio ranged from 0.099 to 0.727).4)Random distribution is the main distribution mode for majority of individuals of the main population or the whole stands.There were little differences in the frequency of uniform distribution and uneven distribution,the cluster distribution is much larger than the absolutely uniform distribution.The stands as a whole were slightly clustered.5)The analysis of stand spatial structure index and stand spatial structure distance shows that the stand structure of the studied community still had some gaps compared with the natural climax community.【Conclusion】Through taking effective management measures to optimize the stand spatial structure and improve the forest condition,the community could obtain

关 键 词：九万山 常绿阔叶林 物种组成 混交度 大小比数 角尺度 林分空间结构指数 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学]