闽北马尾松二代种子园土壤营养诊断研究  

Study on formula fertilization scheme of 2nd-generation seed orchard of Pinus massoniana based on nutritional diagnosis

作　　者：陈元镇[1] 陈杰 李宝福[3] CHEN Yuanzhen;CHEN Jie;LI Baofu(Fujian Forestry Vocational&Technical College,Nanping 353000,Fujian,China;Fujian Jianyang Fanqiao State-owned Forest Farm,Jianyang 354200,Fujian,China;Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences,Fuzhou 350012,Fujian,China)

机构地区：[1]福建林业职业技术学院,福建南平353000 [2]福建省建阳范桥国有林场,福建建阳354200 [3]福建省林业科学研究院,福建福州350012

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2020年第12期26-33,共8页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：福建省省属公益类科研专项(2011R1013-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】马尾松Pinus massoniana在我国分布极广,是南方地区重要的用材林树种。通过对闽北马尾松二代种子园土壤养分及母树球果产量的测定结果进行分析研究,揭示影响种子园球果产量的土壤养分主导因子及其作用规律,并通过营养诊断确定建议配方施肥方案,为马尾松二代种子园的养分管理提供科学的理论依据和实践指导。【方法】对土壤的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、B、Mo等7种主要营养元素含量进行测定分析,以种子园母树球果产量为评价指标进行土壤营养诊断,探寻土壤养分与母树球果产量的相关性,建立数学回归模型,研究影响母树球果产量的主导因子及各营养元素间的交互规律,确定主要营养元素的最适宜浓度,提出马尾松二代种子园的施肥配方与施肥量。【结果】影响球果产量的主导因子为氮、镁、钼以及氮-钙、氮-硼,磷-钾、磷-钙,钾-镁、钾-硼等营养元素间的互作效应;磷-钾、氮-硼、氮-钙、钾-镁之间交互效应显著,对产量促进作用明显;而钾-硼、硼-钼、钾-钙之间的互作对产量有负增产效应。氮与磷、钾、钙之间以及钼与钙、镁之间表现为拮抗关系,而其它各种元素呈协同关系。种子园土壤养分的最适浓度为:水解氮78.92~108.28 mg·kg-1,有效磷3.66~4.94 mg·kg-1,速效钾185.41~280.85 mg·kg-1,交换钙27.23~57.11 mg·kg-1,交换性镁7.66~18.08 mg·kg-1,有效硼0.20~0.48 mg·kg-1,有效钼0.46~0.70 mg·kg-1。【结论】科学配方施肥能有效提高马尾松种子园母树球果的产量和种子质量,建议闽北地区马尾松二代种子园比较合理的施肥配比为P2O5∶K2O∶CaO∶Mo=1∶10∶2∶0.03,每株母树施P2O517.23~47.44 g、K2O 90.62~240.78 g、CaO 2.88~73.40 g、Mo 0.42~1.56 g。【Objective】Pinus massoniana distribute widely in China and it is important tree species of timber forest in southern China.This experiment analyzed and studied the results of soil nutrients and cone yield of seed trees in the second generation seed orchard of Pinus massoniana in northern Fujian,and revealed the dominant factors of soil nutrients affecting cone yield of seed orchard and their action rules;The recommended formula fertilization scheme was determined by nutritional diagnosis,and scientific theoretical basis and practical guidance for nutrient management of 2nd-generation seed orchard of Pinus massoniana were provided.【Method】The contents of seven main nutrient elements such as N,P,K,Ca,Mg,B and Mo in the soil were determined and analyzed.Cone yield of the seed tree in the seed orchard as the evaluation index for soil nutrition diagnosis,the correlation between soil nutrients and the cone yield of the seed tree was explored;the regression model was established;the main factors affecting the cone yield of the seed tree and the interaction rules between the nutrient elements were studied;and the optimal concentration of the main nutrient elements was determined.The study finally proposed the fertilization formula and amount of fertilization for the 2nd generation seed orchard of Pinus massoniana.【Result】The main factors affecting cone yield are nitrogen,magnesium,molybdenum,and the interaction effects of N-Ca,N-B,P-K,P-Ca,K-Mg,K-B and other nutrients.The interaction effects among P-K,N-B,N-Ca and K-Mg are significant,which can promote the yield obviously,while the interactions among K-B,B-Mo and K-Ca have negative effect on yield.There are antagonistic relationships between N and P,K,Ca,and between Mo and Ca,Mg,while there are synergetic relationships among other elements.The optimum concentrations of soil nutrients in seed orchard are:hydrolyzed nitrogen 78.92-108.28 mg·kg-1,available phosphorus 3.66-4.94 mg·kg-1,quick acting potassium 185.41-280.85 mg·kg-1,exchangeable calcium 27.23-57.

关 键 词：马尾松 二代种子园 土壤养分 球果产量 营养诊断 测土施肥 

分 类 号：S791.248[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S722.83[农业科学—林学]