基于精细化观测的沙尘通量分布特征  

Distribution characteristics of dust flux based on meticulous observation

作　　者：康永德 杨兴华[1] 肖让 何清 霍文[1] 杨帆[1] 艾力·买买提明[1] KANG Yongde;YANG Xinghua;XIAO Rang;HE Qing;HUO Wen;YANG Fan;Ali·Mamtimin(Institute of Desert Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration,Urumqi 830002,China;College of Civil Engineering,Hexi University,Zhangye 734000,China;Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Meteorological Observatory,Urumqi 830002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,乌鲁木齐830002 [2]河西学院土木工程学院,张掖734000 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区气象台,乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《地球环境学报》2020年第3期255-264,共10页Journal of Earth Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41875019,41375163)。

摘　　要：研究沙尘随高度的变化特征对揭示沙尘物质在近地层分布特征具有重要意义。为揭示0—80 m沙尘通量的垂直分布规律,在野外实测的基础上,选取2008年7月20日、8月7日、8月19日、8月29日4次沙尘天气,对贴地层(0—0.05 m)、中间层(0.05—2 m)、近地层(2—80 m)的沙尘通量进行对比分析。结果表明:贴地层(0—0.05 m),沙尘通量随着高度的增高呈增加趋势,最大值为1604.29 g∙mm−2。中间层(0.05—2 m),沙尘通量随高度分布的关系为幂函数关系,且随着高度的升高沙尘通量减小,决定系数R2值均在0.9以上。近地层(2—80 m),沙尘通量随高度增加呈分段函数分布,32 m、48 m处为沙尘通量的拐点高度。由此看出,研究沙尘通量对阐明沙尘输送机制非常重要,不仅可加强对沙尘输送的定量研究,还可为沙尘输送的数值模拟提供重要参数。Background,aim,and scope In order to examine dust characteristics with height,it is important to study the distribution of change characteristics of material in close formation.Dust in different heights of conveying is not only a threat to production,strong dust storms will also produce certain climatic effects in source areas,as well as affecting the environment.Materials and Methods In order to examine the vertical distribution law of dust flux,field observation tests were undertaken on four dust storms(20th July,7th,19th and 29th August,2008),analyzing the ground layer(0—0.05 m),the middle layer(0.05—2 m)and the surface layer(2—80 m).Results Dust flux in the ground layer increased with height,recording a maximum value of 1604.29 g∙m−2.In the middle layer,dust flux had a power function relationship with height,decreasing as height increased.Here,the correlation coefficient R2 values are all greater than 0.9.In the surface layer,dust flux increased with height in a piecewise function,32 m;at 48 m the inflection point for dust flux was achieved.Discussion Dust conveying is an important area for examining dust flux,with studies on dust flux providing necessary parameters for the numerical simulation of dust conveying.Atmospheric dust processes are a form of mass exchange between gas systems.As it is important to examine their environmental indications,the majority of atmospheric pollution monitoring have studied heavy atmosphere.However,as long-term field observations are required to examine the law of change on surface layer dust with height,this area of research has been largely overlooked.In order for dust to clear surface layer distribution characteristics,a scientific basis is required.Conclusions It is therefore important to clarify dust conveying mechanisms in dust flux,strengthening the quantitative study of dust conveying,as well as providing a dust monitoring and early warning system.Findings from our study will aid in dust prevention measures and be essential means to reduce dust disaster dama

关 键 词：沙尘通量 贴底层 粒径 垂直分布 

分 类 号：P425.55[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]