论《平家物语》中武士的“名”  

The"Fame"of Samurai in The Tale of the Heike

作　　者：于君 Yu Jun

机构地区：[1]南开大学外国语学院,天津300071

出　　处：《日本研究》2020年第4期87-96,共10页Japan Studies

基　　金：天津市2018年度哲学社会科学规划课题“日本中世文学里的武士形象研究”(项目编号:TJWWQN18-002);2019年中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目“平家物语里的武士形象研究”(项目编号:63192229)。

摘　　要：《平家物语》作为军记物语的顶峰之作,作品中所刻画的武士形象对后世文学中的武士描写及武士道理论的发展都产生了很大的影响。本文聚焦于《平家物语》中的战斗场面,对武士所重视的“名”的表现方式及丰富内涵进行了考察。考察结果发现:武士所重视的“名”主要在争夺先锋、战死、自杀这样的场景中得以体现;武士的“名”包含有能被对手确认为是值得一战的武士的姓名和身份、“不惜性命”“刚烈无比,以一当千之兵”这类积极正面的评价等含义。在武士道理论中,“名誉”被视为武士最基本的伦理道德之一。通过本文的考察,发现除以斋藤实盛为代表的有名武士以外,《平家物语》中刻画了众多重视“名”的武士形象,这为后来的武士道理论中的“名誉”观念的发展提供了大量的素材依据。同时也论证了,在武士追求“名”的过程中,还体现了“武勇”和“忠诚”这两个被视为武士道理论中最为核心的行动准则和道德规范。As the pinnacle of Gunki Monogatari,The Tale of the Heike portrayed a lot of samurai images that have a great influence on the description of samurai and the development of Bushido in later literature.This paper focuses on the battle scenes in The Tale of the Heike and examines the expression and rich connotation of"fame"that samurai value.It shows that the"fame"valued by them is mainly reflected in the scenes such as fight for the vanguard,death in battle and suicide.In addition,the"fame"includes the name and identity that can be recognized as worthy of a battle by his opponent and positive comments such as"risk his life","as strong as a thousand soldiers".In Bushido,"reputation"is also regarded as one of the most basic ethics of samurai.This paper finds that in addition to the famous samurai represented by Saito Sanemori,The Tale of the Heike depicts many images of samurai who value"fame",which provides substantial material basis for the development of"reputation"concept in the later Bushido theory.Meanwhile,it demonstrates that in the process of samurai's pursuit of"fame",it also embodies"valor"and"loyalty",which are regarded as the core code of conduct and moral standards in theBushido theory.

关 键 词：《平家物语》 武士道 武家社会 战斗场面 “ 名” 

分 类 号：K313.3[历史地理—历史学]