中小微企业危机救助的制度逻辑与法律建构  

The Institutional Logic and the Legal Construction of Medium-Small-Micro Enterprise Insolvency

作　　者：王佐发 WANG Zuofa(Associate professor of law,Law School,Southwest University of Science and Technology)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学法学院

出　　处：《中国政法大学学报》2020年第6期114-128,208,共16页Journal Of CUPL

摘　　要：中小微企业不仅正常状态下经营环境差,而且容易陷入危机。中小微企业在资产、负债、所有权、控制权等方面与大企业存在很大差别,导致其与大企业遵循不同的危机救助制度逻辑。应该单独为中小微企业的危机救助立法。中小微企业的危机救助立法应该在保护企业家精神,并维持就业与保护债权人利益并维护信贷市场效率之间建立最优的平衡。为此,法律的制度设计应该以保护营运价值为基本原则,按照债务人与债权人谈判博弈的逻辑,建构起从庭外重组、重整到破产清算的完整制度体系。其中,重整是核心制度。庭外重组的规则设计以重整为标尺,庭外重组或者重整不成功,转为破产清算。中小微企业的破产清算以所有人为债务人,适用个人破产法。Medium-Small-Micro Enterprise(MSME)not only faces poor business environment in ordinary operations,but also tends to suffer from insolvency,especially under the attack of macro-economic changes.MSME is quite different from large business in such aspects as assets,debts,ownership and control,leading to the rehabilitation of insolvent MSMEs different from that of large businesses.MSME insolvency law should strike an utmost balance between the protection of entrepreneurship and employment and the protection of creditor interest and efficient credit market.Thus,the construction of the law should,based on the principal of protecting going concern value,and following the logic of bargaining between creditor and debtor,establish a complete system composed of out-of-court restructure,reorganization and liquidation,among which,reorganization is the core.Out-of-court restructure rules are based on reorganization.Out-of-court restructure or reorganization,if failed,shall turn to liquidation.The liquidation of MSME applies to individual bankruptcy law with the owner of MSME being the debtor.

关 键 词：中小微企业危机救助 营运价值 庭外重组 重整 清算 

分 类 号：D922.291[政治法律—经济法学]