小浪底水库运用后黄河下游河道洪水与泥沙输移特性  

Characteristics on floods and sediment transport in the Lower Yellow River since the Xiaolangdi Reservoir impoundment

作　　者：申冠卿[1] 张原锋[1] 张敏[1] SHEN Guan-qing;ZHANG Yuan-feng;ZHANG Min(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Yellow River Conservancy Commission,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2020年第6期59-66,共8页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0405505)。

摘　　要：根据小浪底水库拦沙运用后的河道观测资料,分析了黄河下游河道泥沙冲淤及河床质组成的时空变化特性。伴随着河道的持续冲刷,导致河床粗化、细泥沙补给不足,水流挟沙能力明显降低。建立了河道冲刷效率与累积冲刷量的量化关系,河道冲刷效率随累积冲刷量的增加呈指数衰减。2018年黄河下游河道的输沙能力相对于2000年降低约57.1%。分析了洪水期河道冲淤量与水沙量、流量及累积水量间的函数响应关系。考虑到河床粗化对输沙能力降低的影响,对2018年7月洪水冲淤结果进行了验证。建立了在洪水不同含沙量级条件下,利津站含沙量恢复值与流量间的关系。Characteristics of the temporal and spatial distributions of the deposition and bed material size grade are analyzed based on observed data in the Lower Yellow River since the Xiaolongdi Reservoir impoundment.Sediment transport capacity reduced greatly with the river channel scour,bed material coarsen and insufficient sediment supply.The quantitative relationship between scour efficiency and accumulative scour is established and scour efficiency reduced in an exponential function with increases of accumulated scour volume.Sediment transport capacity in the Lower Yellow River reduced 57.1%in 2018 comparing to that in 2000.Response relationship between amounts of deposition and scour,amounts of water flow and sediment transport,flow discharge and accumulated water amounts are studied.Scour and deposition were calculated based on flood data in July,2018 by taking account into effects of bed material coarse on sediment capacity reduce.Relationship between sediment concentration recovering and flow discharge at Lijin Hydrological Station were obtained for floods of different sediment concentration grades.

关 键 词：泥沙输移 洪水 小浪底水库 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV147.5[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]