椰壳基硬炭作为钠离子和钾离子电池负极的电化学性能研究  

Electrochemical properties of coconut shell-derived hard carbon as anode materials for Na and K-ion batteries

作　　者：黄滔 彭大春 陈醉 夏笑虹[1,2] 刘洪波[1,2] Huang Tao;Peng Da-chun;Chen Zui;Xia Xiao-hong;Liu Hong-bo(College of Material Science and Engineering,Hunan University,Hunan Changsha 410082,China;Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials Applied Technology,Hunan University,Hunan Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学材料科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410082 [2]湖南大学先进炭材料及应用技术湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《炭素技术》2020年第5期18-23,共6页Carbon Techniques

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51772083,51402101);湖南省科技重大专项项目(2018GK1030)。

摘　　要：以椰壳为前驱体,采用一步热解法制备椰壳基硬炭(CSHC)并作为钠、钾离子电池负极材料。通过X射线衍射、N2吸脱附曲线、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱等考察了椰壳基硬炭的结构特征及其作为钠、钾离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,椰壳基硬炭作为钠离子电池负极材料时,具有305 m Ah/g的可逆比容量,首次库伦效率达79.3%,在0.1 A/g的电流密度下循环130周后容量保持率为97.8%;作为钾离子电池负极材料时,其可逆比容量、首次库伦效率、循环稳定性均略低于钠离子电池,但在大电流密度下的倍率性能更优。Coconut shell-derived hard carbon(CSHC) is prepared from waste biomass coconut shell using a one-step carbonization method, which is further used as anode materials for sodium ion battery(SIB) and potassium ion battery(KIB). The microstructure of CSHC is investigated by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope. Difference in electrochemical properties of SIB and KIB is investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectra. The results suggest that the CSHC material possesses a reversible specific capacity of 305 mAh/g with a high first coulombic efficiency of 79.3% in SIB and the capacity retention is 97.8% after 130 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A/g. When used as the anode materials of KIB, the reversible specific capacity, initial coulombic efficiency and cycle stability of the CSHC material are inferior to those of SIB, while the rate performance at a large current density is better.

关 键 词：椰壳基硬炭 钠离子电池 钾离子电池 微观结构 电化学性能 

分 类 号：TQ424.15[化学工程] TM242[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]