国外中世纪英国雇佣制的研究取向  

Approaches to Studying the Employment System in Medieval England in the West

作　　者：徐浩[1] Xu Hao

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院,100872

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2020年第6期76-86,159,共12页Historiography Bimonthly

摘　　要：以往将雇佣制作为资本主义萌芽的主要标志加以研究,但资本主义萌芽的研究取向只是雇佣制众多研究视角中的一种。如果从1866年罗杰斯出版《英国农业和价格史》第一、二卷算起,中世纪英国雇佣制研究迄今已经超过一个半世纪,其间共产生了罗杰斯的中世纪至早期现代雇工工资购买力、马克思的16世纪资本主义雇佣制和中世纪工资劳动三种主要研究取向,中世纪工资劳动研究取向还包含了宪政史和经济史的庄园视角、社会史的社会结构视角和经济社会史的底层视角三种研究视角。梳理上述研究取向,有助于我们辨析它们的价值与局限,辩证地对待这笔丰厚的历史遗产,进一步思考何为中世纪英国雇佣制及其与资本主义或现代雇佣制的关系,以此构建我们自己的中世纪英国雇佣制研究范式。In the past,scholars regarded the production of employment as a major indicator in the study of the germination of capitalism.Yet the germination of capitalism is merely one of the many perspectives through which to study the employment system.J.E.T.Rogers published the first and second volumes of A History of Agriculture and Prices in England in 1866.Since then,the study of employment in medieval England has been undertaking over the course of one and half a century,giving rise to three paradigms,including the one focused on the purchasing power of laborer's wages from the Middle Ages to early modern by Rogers,the one that argued for the rise of capitalist employment in the sixteenth century by Karl Marx,and the one that was focused on wage labor in the Middle Ages.The study of medieval wage labor also includes three research approaches including a manor perspective of constitutional history and economic history,a social structure perspective of social history,and a history of the below from the perspective of economic and social history.A survey of the above-mentioned approaches will help us to identify their value as well as limitations.It is also useful to examine their legacy dialectically and to reflect upon the nature of the employment system in medieval England and its relationship with capitalism or modern employment system in order to construct our own research paradigm on this issue.

关 键 词：中世纪英国 雇佣制 国外研究取向 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]