海岸防风固沙树种耐风吹阈值比较  

Comparison of tolerance threshold of coastal tree species with windbreak and sand fixation to strong wind-drift blowing

作　　者：周瑞莲[1] 强生斌[1] 逄金强 宋玉 Zhou Ruilian;Qiang Shengbin;Pang Jinqiang;Song Yu(College of Life Sciences,Ludong University,Yantai 264025,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学生命科学学院,山东烟台264025

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2020年第6期127-138,共12页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31770762)。

摘　　要：利用便携式风洞,结合野外调查,对4个海岸防风树种(单叶蔓荆Vitex trifolia、柽柳Tamarix chinensis、紫穗槐Amorpha fruticosa和黑松Pinus thunbergii)幼株进行了短期(40 min)、间歇(风处理20 min,恢复24 h,重复3次)、持续(6 h)强净风(18 m·s-1)和风沙流吹袭(172.93 g·cm-1·min-1)处理,通过测定风吹袭中和风后秋冬季植株形态特征、茎杆弯曲和折损程度、叶片发黄和脱落比率及春季植株存活率确定了4个树种对强风沙流吹袭的耐受阈值。结果表明:(1)短期强净风和风沙流吹袭后,4个树种在春季均恢复生长,耐受力均很高。(2)间歇强净风和风沙流处理中,虽然4个树种部分叶片脱落、植株顶部受损、茎干弯曲,但均在第2年存活,对间歇强风沙流吹袭表现出较高耐受力。(3)持续强净风和风沙流吹袭下,4个树种的耐受力表现不同。风吹袭中57%~69%叶片脱落(紫穗槐和单叶蔓荆)、茎干倾斜、枝条折断严重、叶片穿损。在春季,柽柳100%恢复生长,黑松70%恢复生长,紫穗槐在强风沙流吹袭后死亡,单叶蔓荆在持续强净风和风沙流吹袭后死亡,耐受阈值柽柳>黑松>紫穗槐>单叶蔓荆。4个防风树种具有相似的根构型,即深根系、发达的侧根、具不定根(单叶蔓荆),具有的锚固作用可能是其抵抗强风吹袭的关键,而它们枝系构型差异可能是其耐受阈值不同的根源。The ratio of leaf deciduous,changes in leaf morphology,color,stem morphology in the Vitex trifolia,Tamarix chinensis,Amorpha fruticosa,Pinus thunbergii were investigated during and after expose to strong wind blowing and wind-drift blowing(at 18 m·s-1 with 172.93 g·cm-1·min-1)for short-term treatment(40 min)and interval treatment(20 min,reparing for 24 h,recycling 3 times),and long-term 6 h treatment by using methods of combination of outdoor portable wind tunnel with field investigation. The tolerance threshold of four tress species were evaluated by pant morphology trait,bend and breakage of stems or branches,leaf shedding ratio,plant survival rate by field investigation after treatment in the fall and winter,and spring next year. The results showed that:(1)Four tress all restored and had leafy in next spring,exhibited higher tolerance to strong wind blowing after short-term treatment with strong wind blowing and wind-drift blowing.(2)During interval strong wind blowing and wind-drift blowing,leaves of the four tree species partly fell off,the tops of the plants damaged,and the stems bent,but they all survived in the second year and exhibited higher tolerance to strong interval wind blowing.(3)Under long-term treatment with wind blowing and wind-drift blowing for 6 h,there were differences in capacity of tolerance to it among four tress. During wind blowing treatment,there were 57%-69% leaves off,the stem tilted,branches severely broken,lots of holes in the leaves. But after repairing in the fall and winter,T. chinensis could recover by 100% in spring,P. thunbergii by 70%,A. fruticosa was dead under wind-drift blowing,V. trifolia was dead under wind blowing and wind-drift blowing in next spring. The tolerance threshold was T. chinensis>P. thunbergii>A. fruticosa>V. trifolia. However,there were similar root system architecturedeep root system,developed lateral roots,and adventitious roots(V. trifolia)among four stress to play a role in anchorage,which could be a key for four tress to resistance to strong wind

关 键 词：抗风优势树种 叶片特性 植株形态特征 适应对策 风沙流吹袭 

分 类 号：O945.79[理学]