不同功能区蔬菜地土壤重金属污染特征及其风险评价  

Heavy Metals Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of Vegetable Soil in Different Functional Areas

作　　者：林小兵 武琳[1] 王惠明 张秋梅 刘晖 郭乃嘉 黄欠如[1] 周利军[1] LIN Xiaobing;WU Lin;WANG Huiming;ZHANG Qiumei;LIU Hui;GUO Naijia;HUANG Qianru;ZHOU Lijun(National Red Soil Improvement Engineering Technology Research Center/Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil,Nanchang 330046,China;Jiangxi Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station,Nanchang 330046,China;Xinyu Institute of Agricultural Science,Xinyu 338000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省红壤研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,江西南昌330046 [2]江西省农业生态与资源保护站,江西南昌330046 [3]江西省新余市农业科学研究所,江西新余338000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2020年第11期2296-2306,共11页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目(20171ACG70022);江西省重大科技研发专项项目(20194ABC28010);江西省红壤研究所基本科研业务费(2020G08)。

摘　　要：调查和分析了江西某城市工矿区、污水排灌区、城郊和一般农区蔬菜地土壤重金属Cr、Pb、As、Cd、Hg含量,并采用单因子污染指数、地累积指数和内梅罗综合污染指数评价其污染程度,Hakanson潜在生态风险指数评价其潜在生态风险。结果表明,研究区蔬菜地土壤Cd和Hg含量均超过江西背景值,其中工矿区、污水排灌区和城郊土壤Cd均超过国家标准值;地累积指数表明研究区蔬菜地Cd、Hg污染程度较重,Pb和As为无污染,其中工矿区和污水排灌区Cd为中度污染;工矿区土壤Cr、Pb、Cd和As含量显著高于其他地区。以背景值为标准,单因子污染指数为Cd>Hg>Cr>Pb≈As;内梅罗综合指数表明工矿区、污水排灌区和城郊分别存在60.71%、33.33%和20.93%的重度污染;工矿区Cd和Hg生态风险指数强危害以上分别有71.43%和21.43%,污水排灌区为53.34%和33.34%,城郊为34.89%和18.61%;综合潜在生态危险指数表明工矿区、污水排灌区和城郊中等及以上危害分别为85.71%、53.33%和41.86%。以标准值为参比,只有工矿区有10.71%达到中等危害,其他地区属于低生态危害。总体上,工矿区蔬菜地土壤重金属污染程度和潜在生态风险最严重,其次为污水排灌区和城郊,一般农区较轻,但仍需要注意一般农区整体污染程度和生态危害呈加重趋势。Here we investigated five heavy metal elements contents(Cr,Pb,As,Cd and Hg)in vegetable soils in four functional areas of land in industrial and mining,sewage irrigation,suburbs and general agricultural areas in a certain City,Jiangxi,China.The contents of heavy metals elements were evaluated by single factor pollution index,geo-accumulation index and Nemero comprehensive pollution index.The potential ecological risks of vegetable soil heavy metals were discussed in Hakanson potential ecological risk index.The results showed that the soil Cd and Hg contents in all study areas exceeded the Jiangxi background value.And the Cd content of vegetable soils in industrial and mining areas,sewage drainage and irrigation areas,and suburbs all exceeded the national standard value.The geo-accumulation index indicated that the vegetable fields in the study area were heavily polluted by Cd and Hg,Pb and As were non-polluted.Among them,and the Cd in the industrial and mining areas and sewage drainage and irrigation areas was moderately polluted.Analysis of variance showed that the contents of Cr,Pb,Cd and As in the vegetable soils in industrial and mining areas were significantly higher than other areas.Taking the Jiangxi background value as the standard,the single factor pollution index was Cd>Hg>Cr>Pb≈As.The Nemero composite index indicated that there were 60.71%,33.33%and 20.93%heavy pollution in industrial and mining areas,sewage drainage and irrigation areas and suburbs respectively.The Cd and Hg ecological risk indexes were 71.43%and 21.43%,respectively,in the districts where the Cd and Hg ecological risk indexes were above the strong hazard.The sewage drainage and irrigation areas were 53.34%and 33.34%,and the suburbs were 34.89%and 18.61%.The comprehensive potential ecological risk index indicated industrial and mining areas,sewage drainage and irrigation.The average and above hazards in districts and suburbs were 85.71%,53.33%and 41.86%respectively.Generally speaking,the degree and potential ecological risk of heavy

关 键 词：蔬菜地 重金属 工矿区 污染特征 生态风险评价 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X53