热解温度对不同大型海藻基生物炭中重金属特征的影响  

Effect of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics of heavy metals in different macroalgal biochars

作　　者：傅宇 张鹏[3] 任俊丽 孙秀梅[2] 郝青[2] 杨承虎 FU Yu;ZHANG Peng;REN Junli;SUN Xiumei;HAO Qing;YANG Chenghu(Marine and Fisheries Research Institute,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316021,Zhejiang,China;Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Technology Research for Fisheries Resources of Zhejiang Province,Zhoushan 316021,Zhejiang,China;Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute,Wenzhou 325005,Zhejiang,China;Zhejiang Zhonglan Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.,Wenzhou 325000,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学海洋与渔业研究所,浙江舟山316021 [2]浙江省海洋水产研究所/浙江省海洋渔业资源可持续利用技术研究重点实验室,浙江舟山316021 [3]浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所,浙江温州325005 [4]浙江中蓝环境科技有限公司,浙江温州325000

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2020年第6期727-736,共10页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(31800430);浙江省舟山市科技计划(2018C31079);浙江省海洋水产研究所博士启动基金(20170002)。

摘　　要：以羊栖菜、鼠尾藻、瓦氏马尾藻、带形蜈蚣藻、粗枝软骨藻和孔石莼6种大型海藻为生物质,采用限氧控温法制备不同热解温度(200、300、400、500和600℃)的海藻基生物炭,并研究不同大型海藻基生物炭产率、重金属[铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、砷(As)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)及汞(Hg)]含量及相对富集系数随热解温度的变化特征。结果显示:大型海藻基生物炭产率随热解温度升高而下降。生物炭中Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu、Cr及Pb含量均显著高于各自生物质;As含量随热解温度升高先减少后增加且均不高于原料;Cd含量随热解温度变化趋势与海藻生物质有关;Hg在生物炭中均未被检出。大型海藻基生物炭的Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb和Hg含量均优于欧洲生物炭基金会规定的基本质量等级,但部分生物炭的Cd及As含量超过该阈值。总体上,热解可促进大型海藻基生物炭中重金属的挥发迁移。此外,相关性分析表明,大型海藻基生物炭中重金属含量与海藻生物质及热解温度相关。聚类分析可将由同一大型海藻生物质制备的生物炭聚为一类,较好地反映出不同海藻基生物炭中重金属特征的差异性。本研究结果可用于指导大型海藻基生物炭的制备与应用,也可为提高大型海藻资源化利用水平提供技术支持。Macroalgal biochars were produced from Sargassum fusiforme,Sargassum thunbergii,Sargassum vachellianum,Grateloupia turuturu,Chondria crassicaulis and Ulva pertusa at different pyrolysis temperatures(200,300,400,500 and 600℃)under limited-oxygen conditions.The effects of pyrolysis temperature on the yield,heavy metal(Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,As,Cr,Cd,Pb and Hg)contents and their relative enrichment factors of different macroalgal biochars were investigated.The results indicated that the yield of macroalgal biochar decreased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature.The contents of Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu,Cr and Pb in macroalgal biochars were significantly higher than those in their respective biomass.The As content in macroalgal biochars decreased first and subsequently increased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature,and the As content was not higher than that of raw biomass.The change trend of Cd content with the increase of pyrolysis temperature was related to macroalgae biomass.Hg wasn’t detected in the biochars.The contents of Zn,Cu,Cr,Pb and Hg in macroalgal biochars were all better than the basic quality grade stipulated by the European Biochar Foundation,but the contents of Cd and As in the partial biochars exceeded the threshold.In general,pyrolysis may promote the volatile migration of heavy metals in the macroalgal biochar.Furthermore,the correlation analysis showed that the heavy metal contents in the macroalgal biochars were critically dependent on the biomass and pyrolysis temperature.Cluster analysis demonstrated that the prepared biochars from the special macroalgae biomass could be approximately classified into the same cluster,which effectively reflected the differences in the characteristics of heavy metals in different macroalgal biochars.The above results can provide valuable information for guiding the production and application of macroalgal biochar,which improving the utilization of macroalgae.

关 键 词：热解 大型海藻 生物炭 重金属 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]