双组分聚烯烃复合纤维的生产技术及应用现状  

Production technology and application status of bicomponent polyolefin composite fiber

作　　者：毛绪国[1] 王立诚 吴彭[2,3] 窦娟 孙俊芬 陈龙[2,3] MAO Xuguo;WANG Licheng;WU Peng;DOU Juan;SUN Junfen;CHEN Long(SINOPEC Yizheng Chemical Fiber Co.,Ltd.,Yizheng 211900;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620;State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620;China Chemical Fibers Association,Beijing 100020)

机构地区：[1]中国石化仪征化纤股份有限公司,江苏仪征211900 [2]东华大学材料科学与工程学院,上海201620 [3]东华大学纤维材料改性国家重点实验室,上海201620 [4]中国化学纤维工业协会,北京100020

出　　处：《合成纤维工业》2020年第6期64-69,共6页China Synthetic Fiber Industry

摘　　要：介绍了双组分聚烯烃复合纤维的分类及性能,重点阐述了纤维生产中对原料的要求及生产工艺技术特点、纤维的应用领域,并对双组分聚烯烃复合纤维的未来发展提出建议。双组分聚烯烃复合纤维是由聚烯烃与第二组分通过复合纺丝技术得到的纤维,根据纤维的截面结构可分为基质-原纤型、并列型以及皮芯型3种类型复合纤维,纤维中聚烯烃组分具有优良的耐酸碱性、化学稳定性、电绝缘性和疏水性,第二组分能提供纤维较好的机械强度;2种组分的复合配比及其熔体流动性的匹配、纺丝箱体与组件的设计以及纺丝工艺参数的调控是生产双组分聚烯烃复合纤维的技术关键;目前双组分聚烯烃复合纤维主要是通过热黏合加工生产非织造布,并根据实际应用需要进行抗菌、亲水、保暖、驻极改性,广泛应用于医疗卫生用品、民用纺织品、工程材料及电池隔膜等领域;通过引入极性基团改变聚烯烃分子链的结构,实现聚烯烃更加多样化的应用将成为研究热点,若能将更加先进的功能化聚烯烃共聚物与复合纤维技术相结合,双组分聚烯烃复合纤维将朝着高端产品发展,并应用于高端材料领域。The classification and properties of bicomponent polyolefin composite fibers were introduced.The requirements of raw materials,the characteristics of production technology and the application fields of the fibers were emphatically expounded.Some suggestions on the future development of bicomponent polyolefin composite fibers were put forward.Bicomponent polyolefin composite fiber is a kind of fiber which is made of polyolefin and the second component by composite spinning technology.According to the cross-sectional structure of the fiber,it can be divided into three types:matrix-fibril fiber,side-by-side fiber and sheath-core fiber.The polyolefin component in the fibers has excellent acid and alkali resistance,chemical stability,electrical insulation and hydrophobicity when the second component provides the satisfied mechanical strength of the fiber.The keys to the production technologies of bicomponent polyolefin composite fiber are the compound ratio of two components,the matching of melt flowability,the design of spinning manifold and spinning packs and the control of spinning process parameters.At present,the bicomponent polyolefin composite fiber is mainly produced into nonwoven fabric by thermal bonding process and is widely used in medical and health products,civil textiles,engineering materials and battery separator after antibacterial,hydrophilic,thermal insulation and electret modification according to the application requirements.The research hotspot will be focused on the introduction of polar groups to change the structure of polyolefin molecular chain and realize more diversified application of polyolefin.The bicomponent polyolefin composite fiber will be developed towards high-end products and applied in the field of high-end materials if more advanced functional polyolefin copolymers can be combined with composite fiber technology.

关 键 词：双组分复合纤维 聚烯烃纤维 非织造布 生产技术 应用 

分 类 号：TQ342.94[化学工程—化纤工业]