晚近20年英美法理学发展评析——以夏皮罗等人的实践差异命题、法律规划理论为中心  

A Review of the Development of Anglo-American Jurisprudence in the Last 20 Years:Focusing on Practical Difference Thesis and Legal Planning Theory Proposed by People like Shapiro

作　　者：何勤华[1] 吴怡 He Qinhua;Wu Yi

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律文明史研究院、法律史研究中心 [2]华东政法大学法律学院

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2020年第6期10-25,共16页Law and Modernization

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“法律文明史”(11&ZD081)子课题“英美法系”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在法律实证主义的理论构建中,夏皮罗的实践差异命题旨在弥补哈特法律规则理论框架下承认规则的缺陷,在包容性实证主义者从实践论、认识论与本体论三个层次出发的批评中,实践差异命题的证明力大为减弱。该命题对于法律功能的认识为夏皮罗全面替换规则理论的法律规划理论所吸收,但是却与后者论证过程中提出的道德目标命题存在严重的矛盾。经由分析可得出,实践差异命题可以部分为法律规划理论所吸收,成为其证明过程中的一环,但是该命题原本指向的法律理论同道德目标命题所构建的理论并不能兼容,两者存在深层次的本体论上的不融洽。这种前后不一致情况的发生,是法律实证主义自身前提与其所要回答之问题间的张力所致,法律实证主义自始就处在一种困境中。In the theoretical construction of legal positivism,Shapiro s practice difference thesis aims to make up for the flaws caused by the recognition of rules under the framework of Hart s theory of legal rules.However,the force of this thesis has been greatly weakened by the inclusive positivists who criticized Shapiro s theory from the three levels of practice,epistemology and ontology.The thesis understanding of legal functions is adopted by Shapiro’s legal planning theory which completely replaces the theory of legal rules,but it is in a serious contradiction to the moral goal proposition advocated in his formulation of the legal planning theory.Through analysis,it can be concluded that the practical difference thesis can be partially absorbed by the legal planning theory and become a part of its proof process.However,the legal theory originally targeted by Shapiro s thesis is not compatible with the theory constructed by the moral goal proposition:they are in conflict with each other ontologically.This inconsistency occurs because of the tension between the premise of legal positivism and the question it wants to answer.Legal positivism has been in a dilemma from the beginning.

关 键 词：法律实证主义 实践差异命题 法律规划理论 斯科特•夏皮罗 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]