地铁站聚氨酯与聚氯乙烯火灾特性及人员安全疏散研究  

Study on Metro Station Polyurethane and PVC Fire Characteristics and Personnel Safe Evacuation

作　　者：陈和燕 池秀文[1] 嵇舒翰 周睿利 CHEN Heyan;CHI Xiuwen;JI Shuhan;ZHOU Ruili(Institution of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,430070,Wuhan,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学资源与环境工程学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《城市轨道交通研究》2020年第12期103-107,共5页Urban Mass Transit

摘　　要：结合聚氨酯与聚氯乙烯(PVC)材料的物理化学参数,采用PyroSim火灾仿真软件建立地铁站火灾模型,根据危险临界值判据确定各工况可用安全疏散时间。通过可用安全疏散时间的设定,将PyroSim火灾模型与Pathfinder疏散模拟软件融合,分析地铁站火灾对人员安全疏散的影响。结果表明:地铁站聚氨酯燃烧火灾中,各危险位置的烟气温度、CO质量浓度及能见度达到危险临界值的时间依次为:能见度临界值时间<CO质量浓度临界值时间<烟气温度临界值时间,都满足人员疏散至安全区域的时间要求;地铁站PVC燃烧火灾中,各危险位置烟气温度、CO质量浓度及能见度达到危险临界值的时间依次为:CO质量浓度临界值时间<能见度临界值时间<烟气温度临界值时间。因CO质量浓度临界时间决定了可用安全疏散时间,所以火灾危害性大,且各危险位置的可用安全疏散时间较少,滞留在站厅层的人员无法全部疏散至安全区域。Taking the physical and chemical parameters of polyurethane and PVC materials,PyroSim fire simulation software is adopted to build metro station fire model,to determin the available safe evacuation time(TASET)for different working conditions based on hazard threshold value.By setting the available safe evacuation time,the PyroSim fire simulation model and the Pathfinder evacuation simulation software are integrated to analyze the impacts of fire on the safe evacuation of personnel.The results show that in the polyurethane fire of metro station,the time that gas temperature,CO concentration and visibility at each dangerous position requires to reach the hazard threshold are visibility<CO concentration<gas temperature.All meet the required time for evacuating personnel to safe area.In the PVC fire of metro station,the time that is required to reach hazard threshold are CO concentration<visibility<the flue gas temperature.Since the CO concentration determines the TASET,the fire is very harmful,and available safe evacuation time for each dangerous position is less.Some personnel trapped in station floor cannot be evacuated to a safe area.

关 键 词：地铁车站 火灾 聚氨酯燃烧 聚氯乙烯燃烧 人员疏散 

分 类 号：U231.96[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]