一次强雹云结构的双多普勒雷达观测分析  

Dual Doppler radar observations and analysis of the structure of a severe hailstorm

作　　者：王建恒 陈瑞敏 胡志群[3] 许焕斌 段英[2,5] 赵孝伟 王霞 WANG Jianheng;CHEN Ruimin;HU Zhiqun;XU Huanbin;DUAN Ying;ZHAO Xiaowei;WANG Xia(Hengshui Meteorological Bureau,Hengshui 053000,China;Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Ecological Environment of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;State Key Laboratory of Disaster Weather,China Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology,Beijing 100082,China;Hebei Province Weather Modification Office,Shijiazhuang 050021,China)

机构地区：[1]衡水市气象局,衡水053000 [2]河北省气象与生态环境重点实验室,石家庄050021 [3]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081 [4]北京应用气象研究所,北京100082 [5]河北省人工影响天气办公室,石家庄050021

出　　处：《气象学报》2020年第5期796-804,共9页Acta Meteorologica Sinica

基　　金：河北省“十三五”气象重点项目(hbrywcsy-2017-05);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0504002)。

摘　　要：利用石家庄SA多普勒天气雷达和饶阳X波段双偏振雷达探测资料,结合常规综合观测资料,对2018年6月13日下午发生于太行山东麓的雹云的天气背景、降雹特征、雷达回波演变特征及回波三维立体结构进行了综合分析,重点利用双多普勒雷达径向速度资料反演出格点的三维风速(流场),并结合回波特征分析了雹云云体结构。结果显示,高空强劲的偏北风急流促使涡后横槽转竖,槽后冷空气沿偏北气流南下,形成上干冷、下暖湿的不稳定层结,在低空低涡附近及地面辐合线上发展造成这次风雹天气;双多普勒雷达反演风场表明,雹云的中层强回波中心呈明显的"S"形水平流场和悬挂回波配置特征,构成了具有成雹的"0线"结构;不仅佐证了雹云降雹"0线"结构的存在,而且证明其呈现形式具有多样性。A comprehensive analysis is conducted to investigate the weather background, hail characteristics, radar echo evolution and three-dimensional echo structure of the hail clouds that developed in the eastern foothill of the Taihang Mountains in the afternoon of 13 June 2018. Observations of the SA Doppler weather radar in Shijiazhuang and the X-band dual polarization radar in Raoyang are used in this study. Three-dimensional(3D) gridded wind velocity(flow field) is retrieved from the radial velocity of the dual Doppler radar, and the hail cloud structure is analyzed based on the echo characteristics. The results show that the strong upperlevel northerly jet caused the transverse trough to turn vertical, and the cold air behind the trough moved southward along the northerly airflow. Unstable stratification developed with cold and dry air above warm and wet air, which resulted in the hail weather near the low-level vortex and along the convergence line in the surface. The wind field retrieved from dual-Doppler radar observations shows that in the middle layer of the hail storm, there existed obvious S-shaped horizontal flow with characteristics of suspended echo. This is a typical "zero-line" structure conductive to hail formation. The existence of the "zero line" structure is confirmed by the observed 3D structure in hail storm and the diversity of its manifestation is demonstrated.

关 键 词：强雹云 回波三维结构 S形流场 双多普勒雷达风场反演 观测分析 

分 类 号：P412.25[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]