无法摆脱的撕裂:美国大选背后的价值冲突与观念歧异  

The Irresistible Split:Value Contradictions and Ideational Differences behind the US Election

作　　者：庞金友[1] PANG Jinyou

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学政治与公共管理学院

出　　处：《当代美国评论》2020年第4期42-56,124,125,共17页Contemporary American Review

基　　金：中国政法大学科研创新重大攻关项目“大变局时代西方民主政治与国家治理困境研究”(项目编号:20ZFD81001)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：分歧加剧、冲突升级、极化扩张、变数丛生是当前美国政治生态的真实写照。面对持续恶化的不平等及其引发的一系列后果,特朗普明确主张机会平等,与民主党始终强调的高税收、高福利的结果平等主张泾渭分明。为了维护国家利益,特朗普奉行国家主义,坚持鹰派立场,不仅与自由主义针锋相对,也与其他保守主义派别格格不入。对于暗流涌动的民粹情绪,特朗普支持右翼民粹主义立场,推行反移民、反全球化、反左翼的现实政策,与左翼民粹主义分道而行。随着身份认同取代经济意识形态成为激化政治分歧的核心因素,特朗普倡导白人身份认同和白人优先原则,将民族主义拉向舆论中心地带,进一步加剧了美国民主的部落化趋势。对于不断升级的极化态势,特朗普更是诉诸强硬政策和激进手段,将共识和协商搁置一旁。新一届总统选举后的美国,无论继续走“特朗普主义”的现实路线,还是转向拜登提出的替代方案,短期内都无法解决美国社会的深层矛盾和核心困境,撕裂格局与极化趋势不仅无法摆脱,甚至有加剧的可能。The aggravation of differences,escalation of conflicts,increase of polarization and proliferation of uncertainties all represent the current political ecology of the United States.Facing growing inequality and its consequences,Trump explicitly advocates equality of opportunity,which is entirely different from the Democratic Party s longstanding support for high taxes and high welfare that lead to the equality of result.In order to safeguard national interests,Trump upholds nationalism and adheres to the hawkish stance.He is not only in confrontation with liberalism,but also contradicts with other conservative factions.Meanwhile,Trump clearly supports the right-wing populism,carries out the realistic policies of anti-immigration,anti-globalization and anti-left-wing,and parts ways with the left-wing populism.With identity replacing economic ideology as the core factor of intensified political differences,Trump advocates the identity of the white and the principle of white supremacy,and draws nationalism to the center of public opinion,which further intensifies the tribalist trend of American democracy.With regard to the ever-increasing polarization,Trump resorts to tough policies and radical means,instead of pursuing consensus and negotiation.In the post-election era,the deep-seated contradictions and major dilemmas of American society could not be solved in the short term,no matter it continues to follow the realistic line of Trumpism or turns to the alternative plan proposed by Biden.

关 键 词：政治极化 不平等 保守主义 民粹主义 身份政治 

分 类 号：D771.2[政治法律—政治学]