不同促分枝药剂对苹果幼树发枝的影响  

Effects of Different Branch Promoting Chemicals on the Branching of Young Apple Trees

作　　者：兖攀 王久照 姜继元[1] 陈奇凌[1] YAN Pan;WANG Jiu-zhao;JIANG Ji-yuan;CHEN Qi-ling(Institute of Forestry and Horticulture of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science/Xinjiang Production&Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Korla Fragrant Pear Germplasm Innovation and Improve Quality and Effectiveness,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院林园研究所/库尔勒香梨种质创新与提质增效兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《绿洲农业科学与工程》2020年第4期16-20,共5页Oasis Agriculture Science and Engineering

基　　金：兵团重大科技项目“苹果矮砧密植简化树形栽培模式及配套技术研究与示范”(2016jb03-2);库尔勒香梨种质创新与提质增效兵团重点实验室(2020DA004)。

摘　　要：苹果幼树促分枝技术可缩短苗木整形年限,使幼树尽早进入盛果期,是树形培养的一项关键技术。研究不同促分枝药剂对发枝的影响、不同成熟度主干对药剂的反应、单独施用药剂、药剂与刻芽相结合使用等技术,对解决苹果幼树发枝少、主干光秃等问题具有重要意义。根据不同促分枝药剂、不同成熟度主干和是否刻芽,共设计三组单因素试验。对于1年生主干,在刻芽基础上喷施发枝素(药剂A),可显著提高发枝率,是对照的1.8倍;对于2年生主干,在刻芽的基础上施用发枝药剂,发枝率变化不显著,在不刻芽的前提下,只有抽枝宝(药剂B)处理的发枝率显著高于其它处理,为42%,其余处理为2%左右。与1年生主干刻芽相比,2年生主干刻芽的发芽率下降26%,但发枝率提高53%。不同促分枝药剂的发枝效果差异显著,不同成熟度主干对药剂的反应差异显著,刻芽可显著提高发枝数,在刻芽基础上再喷施药剂可显著提高中长枝数。对于1年生主干,可在刻芽基础上,喷施药剂A,以增加中长枝数量;对于2年生主干,可进行刻芽,也可用药剂B代替刻芽,增加短枝数量。The branch promoting technology can shorten the period of seedling shaping and make the young trees enter the full fruit stage as soon as possible.To study the effects of different branch promoting chemicals on branch germination,the response of different maturity trunk to chemicals,the technology of chemicals alone,and the combination of chemicals and bud cutting,has a great significance to solve the problems of less branches and bare trunk of young apple trees.Three groups of single factor experiments were designed according to different branch promoting chemicals,different maturity trunk and whether to cut bud.For 1-year-old trunk,sprayed branching element(A)on the basis of bud cutting could significantly increase the branch germination rate,and 1.8 times more than CK;For 2-year-old trunk,there was no significant changes in branch germination rate when applied the chemicals on the basis of buds cutting,on the premise of no bud cutting,only the treatment of Chouzhibao(B)had a significantly higher branch germination rate(42%)than other treatments(about 2%).On the basis of bud cutting,compared with 1-year-old trunk,the bud germination rate of 2-year-old trunk reduced 26%,but the branch germination rate improved 53%.The effect on branch germination used different branch promoting chemicals were significantly different,and the response of trunk with different maturity to chemicals was significantly different,cut bud could significantly increase the number of branches,and sprayed chemicals on the basis of cut bud could significantly increase the number of medium and long branches.For 1-year-old trunk,cutting bud and spraying A can increase the number of medium and long branches;For 2-year-old trunk,bud cutting can be carried out,or use B instead of bud cutting to increase the number of short branches.

关 键 词：苹果 发枝素 抽枝宝 代刻芽 刻芽 促分枝 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]