海南橡胶林与热带雨林土壤微生物区系分析  

Soil microflora analysis of rubber plantation and tropical rainforest in Hainan

作　　者：孙树晴 康立 兰国玉[2,4] 陈伟 杨川[2,4] 吴志祥[2,4] SUN Shu-qing;KANG li;LAN Guo-yu;CHEN wei;YANG Chuan;WUZhi-xiang(School of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China;Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,China;Shaanxi Ruihao Biology Co.,Ltd.,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Danzhou Station for Scientific Observation and Experiment of Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学热带作物学院,海口570228 [2]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海口571101 [3]陕西睿浩生物有限公司,陕西杨凌712100 [4]农业农村部儋州热带作物科学观测试验站,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2020年第10期2331-2338,共8页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31770661);海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2019145);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-34-ZP3)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究热带橡胶林与热带雨林土壤微生物区系组成及其生物量,为海南地区橡胶林的生产提供理论参考。【方法】在海南地区分别选取5个橡胶林(儋州、琼中、乐东、万宁和海口)和5个热带雨林(五指山、霸王岭、尖峰岭、吊罗山和鹦哥岭)的样地,每个样地选择13个取样点,旱季和雨季总计260个样本,测定土壤的理化性质(pH、有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾);采用稀释平板分析法测定土壤中微生物数量(细菌、放线菌和真菌);采用线性回归分析方法分析土壤微生物区系、数量特征及其随季节的变化规律。【结果】比较橡胶林与热带雨林土壤的理化性质,二者仅pH差异不显著(P>0.05,下同),其他理化性质的差异均达显著水平(P<0.05,下同)。各样地间土壤有机质含量呈显著差异,鹦哥岭与其他样地pH差异显著;儋州与琼中、海口与吊罗山的土壤全氮含量无显著差异;儋州与五指山,琼中与乐东,吊罗山与鹦哥岭的土壤全磷含量无显著差异;乐东与霸王岭、琼中与尖峰岭的土壤全钾含量无显著差异;其他各样地的土壤全磷、全钾和全氮含量差异显著。样地土壤中不同微生物类群数量的排序为细菌>放线菌>真菌,细菌占微生物总量为95.46%~97.60%;在细菌和真菌数量上为热带雨林>橡胶林;放线菌数量上橡胶林>热带雨林。可见,橡胶林与热带雨林三大微生物类群差异均显著。土壤微生物总量上热带雨林>橡胶林;橡胶林各样地中微生物总量排序为乐东>琼中>儋州>万宁>海口,热带雨林各样地中微生物总量排序为鹦哥岭>霸王岭>吊罗山>尖峰岭>五指山。橡胶林和热带雨林中土壤微生物数量随季节变化差异明显,旱季到雨季细菌和真菌数量增大。回归分析结果表明,细菌、放线菌和真菌数量与土壤含水量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01,下同);细菌和真菌与pH无显著相关性,放线菌与pH呈极显著正相关;【Objective】This paper investigated the difference of soil microbial flora composition and biomass between rubber plantation and tropical rainforest,and the results could provide reference value for the production of rubber plantation in Hainan.【Method】Five rubber forests(Danzhou,Qiongzhong,Ledong,Wanning and Haikou)and five tropical rain forests(Wuzhishan,Bawangling,Jianfengling,Diaoluoshan and Yinggeling)were selected as the research plots in Hainan.There were 13 sampling points in each plot,and a total of 260 samples in the dry and rainy seasons.Determine the physicochemical properties of the soil(pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium),use the dilution plate analysis method to determine the number of microorganisms in the soil(bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi)and linear regressionanalysis to analyze the soil microbial flora and quantity characteristics and their changes with the seasons.【Result】By comparingsoil physicochemical properties ofrubber plantation and tropical rainforest,only the difference in pH value was not significant(P>0.05,the same below),and other differences were significant(P<0.05,the same below).There was significant difference in organic matter content among plots,only Yinggeling and other plots had significant differences in pH;only Danzhou and Qiongzhong,Haikou and Diaoluoshan had no significant differences in total nitrogen content.There was no significant difference in total phosphorus content between Danzhou and Wuzhishan,Qiongzhong and Ledong,Diaoluoshan and Yinggeling,and no significant difference between Ledong and Bawangling,and Qiongzhong and Jianfengling in total potassium content.There were significant differences in total phosphorus,total potassium and total nitrogen contents among other plots.The order of the number of different microbial groups was bacteria>actinomycetes>fungi.Bacteria accounted for 95.46%-97.60%of the total microorganisms.The bacterial and fungal contents were tropical rainforest>rubber plantation;the actinomycete

关 键 词：土壤微生物 微生物区系 季节变化 热带雨林 海南 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]