芝麻籽粒芝麻素和芝麻林素含量变异及杂种优势分析  

Variability and heterosis of sesamin and sesamolin contents in sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)

作　　者：许方涛 周瑢[1] 崔向华 高媛[1] 张艳欣[1] 张秀荣[1] 游均 王林海[1] XU Fang-tao;ZHOU Rong;CUI Xiang-hua;GAO Yuan;ZHANG Yan-xin;ZHANG Xiu-rong;YOU Jun;WANG Lin-hai(Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430062,China;Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhumadian,Henan 463000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,武汉430062 [2]驻马店市农业科学院,河南驻马店463000

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2020年第10期2420-2428,共9页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：湖北省科技创新工程项目(201620000001048);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2019CFB574);武汉市应用基础前沿项目(2018020401011303)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同芝麻杂交组合的杂种优势,发掘出高芝麻素和芝麻林素含量材料及合理组配亲本,为培育高芝麻素和芝麻林素品种提供基础材料。【方法】应用高效液相色谱(HPLC)结合近红外光谱(NIR),对62份地理来源不同且表型变异明显的芝麻种质材料及18个杂交组合进行芝麻素和芝麻林素含量测定分析,并评价其杂种优势,筛选出更多高芝麻素和芝麻林素含量的芝麻材料。【结果】62份芝麻材料中芝麻素和芝麻林素的含量在不同年份间极显著相关(P<0.01)。其中,芝麻素含量变异范围在0.51~8.85 mg/g,平均3.56 mg/g,77.42%以上芝麻材料的芝麻素含量分布在2.00~5.99 mg/g;芝麻林素含量变异范围在0.72~3.22 mg/g,平均2.02 mg/g,82.26%芝麻材料的芝麻林素含量分布在1.50~3.49 mg/g。芝麻籽粒芝麻素和芝麻林素含量平均值排序均为褐色芝麻>白色芝麻>黑色芝麻,褐色芝麻表现出较高的芝麻素含量变异系数(CV),而黑色芝麻表现出较高的芝麻林素含量变异系数。芝麻育成品种的平均芝麻素含量(3.90 mg/g)高于地方品种(3.44 mg/g),但芝麻林素含量稍低于地方品种。层次聚类分析可将62份材料分为七大类,其中第VII类包含5个褐色芝麻,其芝麻素和芝麻林素含量均较高,芝麻素含量高出总体平均值58.74%,芝麻林素含量高出总体平均值22.13%。芝麻素和芝麻林素含量的杂种优势主要表现为中亲优势,且以负向优势为主,芝麻素含量的杂种优势变化在-69.63%~31.62%,平均-20.07%;芝麻林素含量的杂种优势变化在-36.48%~25.84%,平均-5.44%。在18个组合仅有5个组合表现出超高亲优势。【结论】芝麻籽粒中芝麻素和芝麻林素含量呈显著正相关,且不同基因型间存在明显变异;芝麻素和芝麻林素含量的杂种优势主要表现为中亲优势,且以负向优势为主。因此,育种上若要提高目标材料的芝麻素和芝麻林素含量,应发掘和应用高�【Objective】Heterosis of different sesame combinations was studied,germplasms with high contents of sesamin and sesamolin and combination parents were selected,to provide theoretical references for varieties with high sesamin and sesamolin contents.【Method】High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and near infrared spectrum(NIR)methods were usedto evaluate the contents of sesamin and sesamolin in 62 sesame materials with different origins and difference in phenotypic variation and 18 cross combinations.Their heterosis were evaluated and the materials with high sesamin and sesamolin contents were selected.【Result】The sesamin content and sesamolin content showed extremely significant difference among different years of the 62 materials(P<0.01).Sesamin content ranged from 0.51 to 8.85 mg/g,with an average of 3.56 mg/g.Sesamin content of 77.42%of the materials was distributed in the range of 2.00-5.99 mg/g.While,the sesamolin content ranged from 0.72 to 3.22 mg/g,with an average of 2.02 mg/g.Sesamolin content of 82.26%materials was between 1.50 and 3.49 mg/g.The order of average contents of sesamin content and sesamolin content was brown sesame>white sesame>black sesame,brown sesame showed high coefficient of variation(CV)in sesamin content,and black sesame showed high CV of sesamolin content.The bred sesame varieties(3.90 mg/g)had higher average sesamin content than local varieties(3.44 mg/g),but had lower average sesamolin content.Hierarchical cluster analysis could divide the 62 materials into seven groups,group VII included five brown sesame varieties with high sesamin content and sesamolin content,the sesamin content was 58.74%higher than the average and sesamolin content was 22.13%higher than the average.The heterosis of the sesamin and sesamolin contents was mainly mid-parent heterosis and mostly was negative heterosis.The heterosis of the sesamin and sesamolin contents ranged from-69.63%to 31.62%and-36.48%to 25.84%,with an average value of-20.07%and-5.44%,respectively.There were only five combina

关 键 词：芝麻 芝麻素 芝麻林素 含量变异 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]