中美玉米生产成本与收益的比较分析  

Comparative Analysis of Corn Production Cost and Profit between China and USA

作　　者：汪希成[1] 谢冬梅 段莉[2] WANG Xi-cheng;XIE Dong-mei;DUAN Li(China West Economic Research Center,Southwest Financial University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Institute of Management,Sichuan Social Sciences Academy,Chengdu 610071,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学中国西部经济研究中心,四川成都611130 [2]四川省社会科学院管理学研究所,四川成都610071

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第6期27-36,共10页Journal of Shihezi University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“新时代我国‘藏粮于地’战略的实现路径研究”(20BJY133)。

摘　　要：该文通过对2008—2018年中美玉米生产总成本及其构成、收益的比较分析研究,发现:中美两国玉米成本构成存在较大差异,美国玉米的成本构成相对稳定,物质和服务费用占比最大;2010年中国玉米生产总成本超过美国且差距逐年拉大,主要是人工成本快速增长并成为占比最大的构成部分,而且对总成本的影响力正逐年增大。受成本和价格的双重影响,中国玉米收益波动较大,近年来玉米单位面积总产值、净利润、投入产出比、成本利润率等指标快速下降。在农业供给侧结构性改革和农业高质量发展的背景下,降成本、提科技、建制度、强扶持是目前中国玉米产业走出“困境”和提高竞争力的重要举措。Through the comparative analysis of total production costs,construction elements and profits of corn in China and USA from 2008 to 2018,we found that there is a remarkable difference between the costs in two countries.In USA,the cost construction is relatively stable and the material and service cost takes up the lion’s share,whereas in 2010 the total cost in China outruns USA and the gap is growing yearly with the major reason that in China the human cost grows rapidly,taking up the largest percentage and increasing its influence on total cost annually.Under the two-fold influence of cost and price,corn profit in China fluctuates quite obviously and there is a rapid decrease in such index as unit area total production,net profit,investment-production ratio and cost profit rate etc.With the background of supply lateral structure reform and high quality development in agriculture,we propose such measures as to decrease cost,to promote scientific development,to construct proper system and to enhance support so as to help Chinese corn industry to get out of difficulty and improve competitiveness.

关 键 词：玉米 生产成本 收益 价格 

分 类 号：F307.11[经济管理—产业经济]