论夫妻财产制法律适用中的财产所在地法优位  

The Priority of Law of the Place Where the Property Is Situated in the Application of Law for Marital Property Regimes

作　　者：向在胜[1] 程建斌 XIANG Zai-sheng;CHENG Jian-bin(School of Law,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第6期47-53,共7页Journal of Shihezi University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“涉外民商事诉讼中的法院地法优位问题研究”(14XFX013)。

摘　　要：在夫妻财产制法律适用中,大陆法系国家基于同一制而将夫妻所有财产均置于当事人属人法的规制之下,并由此导致当事人属人法与个别财产所在地法的冲突。出于追求判决一致性和避免不可执行法律状态之目的,德国法创设了“个别准据法破总括准据法”概念,在一定条件下赋予财产所在地法以优先适用地位,并逐步发展出自动打破机制和约定打破机制。二战后,伴随直接适用法理论与实践的发展以及意思自治原则在家庭法与继承法领域的渗透,自动打破机制的作用空间虽然逐步受到挤压,但约定打破机制却获得了后来居上的发展机会。从我国有关夫妻财产制法律适用的立法与司法实践来看,我国也同样面临夫妻财产制准据法与不动产所在地法的协调问题。为此,我国一方面应尊重外国直接适用法的效力,另一方面应借鉴约定打破机制,采纳针对不动产的意思自治。In the application of law for marital property regimes,the civil law countries,based on the unitary system,place all matrimonial properties under the regulation of the personal law of the parties,which leads to the conflict between the personal law of the parties and the law of the place where the individual property is located.In order to pursue the consistency of judgment and avoid the unenforceable legal status,the concept that“individual applicable law breaks the umbrella applicable law”is created to give priority to the law of place where the property is situated under certain conditions,and the automatic breaking mechanism and agreement breaking mechanism are gradually developed in German laws.After World War II,with the development of the theory and practice of overriding mandatory rule,and the penetration of the principle of autonomy into the field of family law and inheritance law,although the sphere of the influence of automatic breaking mechanism was gradually squeezed,the mechanism of agreement breaking had a chance to be developed in a backward way.From the perspective of the legislation and judicial practice of the application of law for marital property regimes in China,we also faces the problem of coordination between the applicable law of the matrimonial property system and the law of the location of real estate.Therefore,on one hand,we should respect the effectiveness of overriding mandatory rule;on the other hand,we should also learn from the agreement breaking mechanism and adopt the autonomy for real estate.

关 键 词：夫妻财产制 法律适用 准据法 财产所在地法 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]