长期免耕覆盖对旱地小麦-玉米周年产量及水分利用的影响  

Effects of Long-Term No-Tillage with Straw Mulching on Annual Yieldand Water Use of Wheat and Maize

作　　者：邵运辉[1] 吕军杰 李俊红 丁志强[2,3] 张洁 姚宇卿[2,3] 李向东 SHAO Yunhui;LüJunjie;LI Junhong;DING Zhiqiang;ZHANG Jie;YAO Yuqing;LI Xiangdong(Wheat Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Luoyang 471023,China;Luoyang Dryland Agriculture Test Site of China Academy,Luoyang 471023,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院小麦研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]洛阳农林科学院,河南洛阳471023 [3]中国农业科学院洛阳旱农试验基地,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2020年第12期17-23,共7页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300707)。

摘　　要：在中国农业科学院洛阳旱农试验基地通过14 a(2004—2018年)的连续定位试验,研究了免耕覆盖(小麦秸秆留茬、玉米秸秆整秆覆盖)对旱地小麦-玉米周年产量及水分利用的影响,为该项技术的推广和应用提供技术支撑和理论依据。结果表明,与传统耕作处理相比,免耕覆盖处理在小麦收获时平均增加土壤贮水量15.4 mm,玉米收获时平均增加土壤贮水18.0 mm,有效缓解了旱地小麦-玉米周年生产的水分供需矛盾;小麦平均增产12.43%,水分利用效率平均提高10.9%;玉米平均增产24.02%,水分利用效率平均提高32.1%;小麦-玉米周年产量平均增加18.50%,水分利用效率平均提高20.7%。受降水量及降水分布的影响,免耕覆盖技术的应用效果年际间存在较大差异,在小麦产量低于4500 kg/hm2时应用效果更为明显。The effects of no-tillage with straw mulching(leaving wheat stubble,whole maize straw mulching)on annual yield and water use of wheat and maize were studied by 14 years(2004—2018)located experiment in Luoyang Dryland Agriculture Test Site of China Academy,so as to provide technical support and theoretical basis for the popularization and application of this technology.The results showed that,compared with the traditional tillage model,the no-tillage with straw mulching increased soil pondage by 15.4 mm on average at wheat harvest time and by 18.0 mm on average at maize harvest time,respectively,which effectively alleviated the water supply and demand contradiction during wheat and maize planting in dryland area;wheat grain yield increased by 12.43%,and water use efficiency(WUE)of wheat increased by 10.9%,while those of maize increased by 24.02%and 32.1%respectively,those of wheat and maize increased by 18.50%and 20.7%respectively.As influenced by the amount and distribution of precipitation,the effect of no-tillage with straw mulching technology varied greatly among different years,better effects was usually obtained in those years when wheat yield was below 4500 kg/ha.

关 键 词：免耕覆盖 小麦 玉米 产量 水分利用效率 旱地 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S512