试析“伊斯兰国”及其主要分支宣传策略的内在逻辑与应对  

An Analysis of the Internal Logic of Propaganda Strategies of“Islamic State”and Its Main Branches and the Countermeasures

作　　者：张杰[1,2] Zhang Jie

机构地区：[1]西安外国语大学国际关系学院 [2]国际舆情与国际传播研究院

出　　处：《南亚研究》2020年第4期119-138,157,158,共22页South Asian Studies

基　　金：陕西省社科基金项目“陕西涉外智库的建设机制研究”(项目批准号:2019E006)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：“伊斯兰国”及其主要分支打着伊斯兰教的“旗号”,歪曲伊斯兰教的经典,利用多种宣传手段鼓吹其极端思想和主张,频繁发动恐怖袭击。这不仅导致伊斯兰教“污名化”,而且给世界的和平与稳定造成了巨大的威胁。“伊斯兰国”及其主要分支的宣传策略具有高度相似的内在逻辑。它以坚强的领导者为核心,在集体磨合中将本应是多元的身份“单一化”,将其简约为受压迫的“我者”和“非人化”的“他者”,并以富含情感的宣传口号为煽动内容,以聚集化和仪式化的宣传模式为煽动形式,对受众进行控制。该宣传策略取得了一定效果,使其获得了源源不断的人力和财力支持,能够继续发动恐怖袭击。针对这一情况,国际社会虽已采取一些应对措施,但防范手段相对单一,反击力度不足,导致效果不佳。国际社会应高度重视在宣传领域与“伊斯兰国”及其主要分支的斗争。国家应建立健全相关法律并成立专门机构打击其非法宣传;智库和学者应加强对相关问题的研究,深入了解其煽动受众的方法和路径;媒体应优化宣传策略,采取灵活且易于受众接受的方式,从多个角度对其进行揭露和批判。Under the banner of Islam,the“Islamic State”and its mainbranches have distorted religious scriptures and employed various means ofpropaganda to advocate an extremist agenda and radical points of view,launching routine terrorist attacks.Not only has this led to thestigmatization of Islam,but it further poses a significant threat to worldpeace and stability.The internal logic of the propaganda strategies employedby the"Islamic State"and its main branches are highly similar.Propagandagenerally centers around a charismatic leader,with an emphasis on thedisintegration of otherwise pluralistic identity groups,crudely emphasizingnarratives of the oppressed“us”versus the dehumanized“other”.Emotionally charged slogans are deployed to sensationalize these narratives,inciting a ritualized collective response,which reinforces control over itstargeted audience.This type of propaganda has proven successful inmobilizing a steady stream of human and financial resources,enabling the“Islamic State”to continue launching terrorist attacks.In response,theinternational community has alreadytaken some actions,but itspreventative measures have been far too narrow,causing them to fallshort.The international community should attach great importance to thepropaganda field against the“Islamic State”and its main branches.Statesneed to develop comprehensive laws in this regard and establish specializedagencies to crack down on illegal propaganda.Meanwhile,think tanks andscholars need to strengthen research in this area,and gain a fullunderstanding of the methodologies and channels used by these groups to mobilize support.The media has an important role in terms of optimizing itsown propaganda strategy,employing more flexible approaches to reachingtargeted audience with acceptable messaging that functions to expose andcriticize the methods used by the“Islamic State”.

关 键 词：“伊斯兰国” “博科圣地” “呼罗珊分支” 宣传策略 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]