多尺度功能性填料PVDF基纳米复合材料的制备和性能  

Preparation and Properties of PVDF Based Dielectric Nanocomposites Containing Multi-scale Functional Fillers

作　　者：陈林 黄娇 严磊 郭怡 林宏 蔺海兰[1] 卞军[1] CHEN Lin;HUANG Jiao;YAN Lei;GUO Yi;LIN Hong;LIN Hailan;BIAN Jun(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Xihua University,Chengdu 610039,China)

机构地区：[1]西华大学材料科学与工程学院,成都610039

出　　处：《材料研究学报》2020年第11期835-844,共10页Chinese Journal of Materials Research

基　　金：国家教育部春晖计划(Z2018088,Z2017070);西华大学大健康管理促进中心开放课题基金(DJKG2019-002);2020年西华大学“西华杯”大学生创新创业训练项目(2020133,2020137);西华大学Interface创新研究工作室重点建设项目(2019-07);西华大学研究生创新基金(SA2000002910)。

摘　　要：先以两种直径(50 nm,100 nm)的羟基化钛酸钡(BT)和两种长度(10~20 nm,20~40 nm)的酸化多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为功能填料,进行液相反应制备四种BT/MWCNTs杂化纳米填料(分别记为BT-A/MWCNTsB,其中A=5,10;B=1,2),再用熔融共混-压板成型技术分别将其与PVDF复合制备出BT-A/MWCNTs-B/PVDF纳米复合材料。使用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉伸性能测试和介电性能测试系统研究了多尺度功能性填料BT-A/MWCNTs-B对这种纳米复合材料的组织结构和结晶性能、介电性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,与BT/PVDF和MWCNTs/PVDF体系相比,BT-A/MWCNTs-B/PVDF纳米复合材料具有更高的结晶度和热性能,BT-10的含量(质量分数,下同)为16%、MWCNTs-2的含量为5%的BT-10/MWCNTs-2/PVDF纳米复合材料其熔融温度可达173.8℃,比纯PVDF(159.6℃)提高了14.2℃,其结晶度可达43.1%。三相BT-A/MWCNTs-B/PVDF纳米复合材料比两相纳米复合材料具有更优异的介电性能,BT-10/MWCNTs-2/PVDF纳米复合材料100Hz下的介电常数为119,为纯PVDF的14倍,其介电损耗只有0.051。BT-10/MWCNTs-2/PVDF纳米复合材料的拉伸强度和弹性模量分别达到57.7 MPa和1226 MPa。Four hybrid BT/MWCNTs nanomaterials(BT-A/MWCNTs-B,where A=5,10)were prepared by two kinds of acidified multi-wall carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)with lengths of 10-20 nm and 20-40 nm respectively and two kinds of hydroxylated barium titanate(BT)with diameters of 50 nm and 100 nm respectively.The effect of multi-scale dielectric fillers BT-A/MWCNTs-B on the mechanical properties,heat resistance and dielectric properties of nanocomposites was investigated by means of X-ray diffractometer(XRD),infrared spectra(FTIR),differential scanning calorimetry analysis(DSC),scanning electron microscope(SEM),tensile properties and dielectric properties testing.Results show that compared with BT/PVDF and MWCNTs/PVDF nanocomposites,BT-A/MWCNTs-B/PVDF nanocomposites have higher crystallinity and thermal properties.When the content(mass fraction)of BT-10 and MWCNTs-2 was 16%and 5%respectively,the melting temperature of BT-10/MWCNTs-2/PVDF nanocomposites could reach 173.8℃,which was 14.2℃higher than that of pure PVDF(159.6℃),and the crystallinity could reach 43.1%.The three-phase BT-A/MWCNTs-B/PVDF nanocomposites had better dielectric performance than that of the two-phase nanocomposites.At 100 Hz,the dielectric constant of BT-10/MWCNTs-2/PVDF nanocomposites could reach 119,14 times of that of pure PVDF,and the dielectric loss was only 0.051.The tensile strength and elastic modulus of BT-10/MWCNTs-2/PVDF nanocomposites were up to 57.7 MPa and 1226 MPa,respectively.

关 键 词：复合材料 聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF) 杂化纳米填料 热性能 力学性能 介电性能 

分 类 号：TQ332[化学工程—橡胶工业]