鼎湖山不同植被类型下土壤肥力质量变化  

Changes of soil fertility quality under different vegetation types of Dinghushan in subtropical China

作　　者：张杰[1] 金志农[1] 张海燕[1] 赵姣[1] 肖昌龙 张北红[1] 刘佳[2] ZHANG Jie;JIN Zhi-nong;ZHANG Hai-yan;ZHAO Jiao;XIAO Chang-long;ZHANG Bei-hong;LIU Jia(Nanchang Institute of Technology,Jiangxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Seed-breeding and Utilization of Camphor Trees,Nanchang Jiangxi 330099;Soil and Fertilizer&Resources and Environment Institute,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang Jiangxi 330200)

机构地区：[1]南昌工程学院,江西省樟树繁育与开发利用工程研究中心,江西南昌330099 [2]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第6期50-57,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660599,41661052,31560582);江西省教育厅科技项目(GJJ151120)。

摘　　要：为探究我国南亚热带不同植被类型下土壤肥力质量变化,以鼎湖山国家自然保护区内6种典型植被土壤为研究对象,通过野外调查取样与室内分析相结合的方法,系统考察了14项土壤物理、化学和生物肥力指标,运用主成分分析、聚类分析对各植被类型的土壤肥力质量进行综合评价。结果表明:1)鼎湖山原始顶级植被群落阔叶林的土壤物理结构良好、化学养分充足、生物肥力最高;马尾松林土壤的物理、化学和生物肥力均严重退化,竹林和混交林土壤的各项肥力指标大多介于阔叶林和马尾松林之间。2)与阔叶林相比,施用有机肥可改善茶园土壤的容重、含水量、速效化学养分、pH和CEC,但其全量化学养分仍大幅降低,且生物肥力也明显下降。3)主成分分析将14个肥力指标降维为2个主成分,累积方差贡献率达到75.75%,基于主成分分析的各植被类型土壤肥力质量得分排序为:阔叶林(0.60)>老茶园(0.33)>新茶园(0.12)>竹林(0.04)>混交林(-0.01)>马尾松林(-1.08)。4)通过聚类分析可将鼎湖山不同植被类型的土壤肥力质量分为4类:第Ⅰ类为阔叶林,第Ⅱ类为新、老茶园,第Ⅲ类为竹林和混交林,第Ⅳ类为马尾松林。综上,鼎湖山不同植被类型的土壤肥力质量显著不同,原始阔叶林被破坏后,各种新的植被类型都会使土壤肥力质量明显降低,但变化各异,建议针对不同的植被类型采取不同的调控管理措施,以恢复和提高土壤肥力质量。In order to study the changes of soil fertility quality under different vegetation types in Dinghushan National Nature Reserve,soils of six representative vegetation types were sampled,and 14 soil physical,chemical and biological indices were determined in laboratory.And then,principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the soil fertility quality.The results showed that:1)The soil in broad-leaved forest had good physical structure,sufficient chemical nutrients and the highest biological fertility;while the soil physical,chemical and biological fertility in Pinus massoniana forest were seriously degraded,and most of the soil fertility indices in bamboo forest and mixed forest were between broad-leaved forest and Pinus massoniana forest.2)Compared with broad-leaved forest,application of organic fertilizer improved the bulk density,water content,available chemical nutrients,pH and CEC of tea garden soils,but soil total chemical nutrients were still obviously decreased.Moreover,the biological indicators of tea garden soils were also decreased obviously.3)Principal component analysis transformed 14 fertility indices into 2 principal components by data dimensionality reduction,and the 2 principal components explained 75.75%of the total variance.The soil fertility quality scores under different vegetation types based on principal component analysis were ranked as follows:broad-leaved forest(0.60)>old tea garden(0.33)>new tea garden(0.12)>bamboo forest(0.04)>mixed forest(-0.01)>Pinus massoniana forest(-1.08).4)The soil fertility quality under different vegetation types in Dinghushan could be divided into 4 groups by cluster analysis:(Ⅰ)broad-leaved forest,(Ⅱ)tea garden,(Ⅲ)bamboo forest and mixed forest,(Ⅳ)Pinus massoniana forest.In conclusion,the soil fertility quality under different vegetation types in Dinghushan showed significantly different.The shifts of vegetation types from natural broad-leaved forest to other types would lead to decrease soil fertility quality,bu

关 键 词：植被类型 土壤肥力 主成分分析 综合评价 鼎湖山 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]