粉垄耕作对新疆盐碱土理化性质及棉花生长影响  

Effects of smash-ridging cultivation on physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil and cotton growth in Xinjiang

作　　者：孙美乐[1] 蔺国仓[1] 回经涛[1] 仙鹤 任向荣[1] 张润龙[1] 杨净[1] SUN Mei-le;LIN Guo-cang;HUI Jing-tao;XIAN He;REN Xiang-rong;ZHANG Run-long;YANG Jing(Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Comprehensive Testing Ground,Urumqi Xinjiang 830012)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院综合试验场,新疆乌鲁木齐830012

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第6期58-64,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：新疆农业科学院青年基金项目(xjnkq-2017020);乌鲁木齐市科技计划项目(Y141310014)。

摘　　要：为了明确粉垄耕作后结合大水漫灌洗盐措施对新疆盐碱土理化性质及棉花生长指标、产量的影响,探讨合理的耕作模式,对土壤设置间隔粉垄、连续粉垄两个耕作措施,以传统翻耕为对照,对播种前、苗期、收获期3个不同时期土壤的容重、含水量、总盐指标变化和棉花生长势及产量的差异进行分析。结果表明:与传统翻耕相比,粉垄耕作降低了不同时期土壤耕作层的容重,增加了土壤含水量,间隔粉垄和连续粉垄在0~40 cm降低了土壤含盐量,达到显著水平(P<0.05),以0~20 cm土层最为显著,分别比传统翻耕耕作层含盐量降低37%、37.5%,显著提高了棉花的生长势及产量,分别较传统翻耕处理增产46.2%和49.5%。间隔粉垄与连续粉垄对土壤的理化指标及棉花长势、产量影响无显著差异,说明粉垄对土壤结构影响持久,综合研究本区的土壤、自然环境等因素,可采用粉垄-传统翻耕-粉垄耕作模式,改良土壤结构,降低耕作层土壤含盐量,节约成本,提高经济效益。The effects of smash-ridging cultivation combined with flood irrigation and salt washing measures on the physicochemical properties of Xinjiang saline-alkali soil,cotton growth indexes,yield were studied and the rational tillage mode was discussed.Before planting,the soil was treated with two methods:interval smash-ridging and continuous smashridging,and the conventional tillage(plowing+rotary)was set as control.The soil bulk density,water content,total salt index before sowing and at the seedling stage and harvest time were determined,cotton plant growth and yield were analyzed.The results showed that compared with conventional tillage,the two smash-ridging tillage reduced the bulk density of the soil tillage layer in different periods and increased the soil water content.The interval smash-ridging and continuous smash-ridging reduced the soil salinity at 0~40 cm significantly(P<0.05),especially in the 0~20 cm soil layer,which reduced the salt content of the cultivated layer by 37%and 37.5%,respectively,and significantly increased the growth potential and yield of cotton.Compared with conventional tillage treatment,the yield increased by 46.2%and 49.5%,respectively.There was no significant difference in the soil physical and chemical indicators and the cotton growth and yield between the interval smash-ridging and continuous smash-ridging cultivation,indicating that the effect of the smash-ridging cultivation on the soil structure is long-lasting.Based on the comprehensive research on the soil and environment in this area,smashridging tillage+rotary tillage+smash-ridging tillage mode can be used to improve soil structuie,reduce soil salinity in the tillage layer,save costs and increase economic benefits.

关 键 词：粉垄 土壤理化指标 棉花生长 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S153