贵州核桃主产区核桃园土壤养分丰缺状况  

Status of soil fertility in walnut orchard areas of Guizhou

作　　者：宋斌[1] 刘茂桥 张文娥[1] 张睿[1] 彭剑[1] 王长雷 潘学军[1] SONG Bin;LIU Mao-qiao;ZHANG Wen-e;ZHANG Rui;PENG Jian;WANG Chang-lei;PAN Xue-jun(Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops,Guizhou University,Guiyang Guizhou 550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学/贵州省果树工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第6期65-74,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD23B03);贵州省高层次创新型人才培养项目[黔科合人才(2016)4038号]。

摘　　要：研究贵州核桃主产区核桃园土壤养分丰缺状况,为核桃园的养分管理与合理施肥提供理论依据和科学指导。在贵州黔西北高海拔冷凉区、黔北高纬度冷凉区、黔西南、黔南地区高海拔区等核桃主产区共选择典型核桃园126个,采集深度为0~40 cm土层的土壤样品进行养分丰缺状况的测试分析。结果发现,有73.0%核桃园土壤pH适合核桃生长;有88.2%的核桃园土壤有机质含量处于适宜及以上范围;土壤全氮、全磷含量丰富;土壤全钾有22.2%处于缺乏(极缺)状态;有7.9%的核桃园土壤碱解氮含量处于中等及以下水平;有效磷含量处于适宜及以上范围占76.2%;速效钾含量较为缺乏,中等及以下水平比例占81.8%;土壤中量元素交换性钙、镁含量均表现丰富,其中交换性钙没有出现低水平情况,交换性镁低水平比例仅占8.7%;微量元素锰、铜含量较为丰富,但土壤有效硼含量较低,处于中下及以下水平的比例高达99.2%,有效铁与有效锌中下及以下水平比例分别为45.2%和8.8%。黔西南高海拔地区核桃园土壤养分缺乏最严重,其次是黔北高纬度冷凉区、黔西北高海拔冷凉区和黔南高海拔地区。结果的核桃园中土壤碱解氮、有效锌含量缺乏程度重于未结果园,而速效钾含量缺乏程度轻于未结果园。总体来看,贵州核桃主产区核桃园土壤pH值普遍适合;有机质、碱解氮含量处于中等以上水平;全氮、全磷、交换性钙、镁、有效锰、铜含量丰富;速效钾、有效硼、有效铁含量缺乏;部分核桃园土壤全钾、有效磷、有效锌含量偏低。综上所述,不同核桃园施肥应因地制宜,深施有机肥及含铁、锌、硼元素的肥料作基肥,并提高钾肥比例;同时建议土壤偏碱性地区施用酸性肥料,部分缺磷地区提高磷肥比例。In order to provide theoretical basis and scientific guidance for nutrient management and rational fertilization of walnut orchard in Guizhou walnut main producing area,126 soil samples of 0~40 cm from typical walnut orchards of northwest and northern high latitude cold areas of Guizhou,southwestern and southern high latitude areas of Guizhou were selected for nutrient analysis.The results showed that 73.0%of soil pH was suitable for walnut growth,88.2%of soil organic matter content was in the suitable range or above.The total P and total N were plentiful,while 22.2%of soil total K were in deficiency or extreme deficiency.7.9%of soil alkalide N content was in the middle or below level.76.2%of available P content in the suitable or above range.The content of available potassium was relatively deficient,with 81.8%below the medium level.The exchangeable Ca and Mg contents were rich,with 0 and 8.7%below the medium level,respectively.Available Mn and Cu were rich.Soil available B was in extreme deficiency,the proportion of below the middle level as high as 99.2%.The ratio of available Fe and Zn in low and medium level was 45.2%and 8.8%,respectively.The extent of soil nutrients deficiency showed as southwestern high latitude areas>northern high latitude cold areas>northwest high latitude cold areas>southern high latitude areas.The deficiency degrees of soil available nitrogen and available zinc in orchards with fruits were more serious than those without fruits,but the content of available potassium was less than that of the nofruit orchard.In general,the soil pH is suitable for walnut growth in the major producing areas of Guizhou,the soil organic matter and alkalide N content are above the medium level,and the total N,total P,exchange of Ca,Mg,available Mn and Cu are rich,while the soil available K,available B and available Fe content are low.And the soil total K,available P and available Zn in part of the walnut orchards are lower than the standard.Above all,different walnut orchard fertilization should adjust measu

关 键 词：核桃园 土壤养分 丰缺状况 贵州 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学] S664.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]