沼液与有机肥配施对稻田磷、钾素径流损失的影响  

Effects of biogas slurry combined with organic fertilizer on runoff loss of phosphorus and potassium in paddy field

作　　者：周炜[1] 王子臣[1] 宗焦 王国栋 盛婧[1] ZHOU Wei;WANG Zi-chen;ZONG Jiao;WANG Guo-dong;SHENG Jing(Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Recycling Agriculture Research Center,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing Jiangsu 210014)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部种养结合重点实验室/江苏省农业科学院循环农业研究中心,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第6期240-245,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0800105);江苏省自主创新资金(CX(20)2014)。

摘　　要：研究沼液、有机肥配施对稻田磷、钾损失的影响,拟明确降低稻田磷、钾元素损失的最佳配施措施。以太湖水稻土为研究对象进行盆栽试验,设置了空白对照(CK)、常规化肥(CF),100%沼液氮替代(N1),75%沼液+25%猪粪有机肥氮替代(N2),50%沼液+50%猪粪有机肥氮替代(N3)和100%猪粪有机肥氮替代(N4)6个处理,测定施肥后稻田田面水以及径流磷、钾浓度和流失量。结果显示,各施肥处理径流磷损失量大小依次为N4>N3>N1>CF>N2,其中N4处理最高,达到P 44.99 kg/hm2,N2处理最低,为P 3.94 kg/hm^2,仅为前者的8.76%;各施肥处理径流钾损失量大小依次为N1>N3>N4>N2>CF,最高为N1处理的K 43.48 kg/hm^2,最低为CF的K 24.78 kg/hm^2;各施肥处理产量无显著差异,处于同一水平。综合比较而言,N2处理可在保持一定产量的基础上显著降低径流磷、钾流失的风险,是一种比较适宜的施肥模式。The effect of biogas slurry and organic fertilizer on the loss of P and K in rice field was studied,and the best measures to reduce the loss of P and K were sought.A pot experiment was carried out on the paddy soil of Taihu Lake.Six treatments were set up:blank control(CK),conventional fertilizer(CF),100%biogas liquid nitrogen replacement(N1),75%biogas liquid+25%pig manure organic nitrogen replacement(N2),50%biogas liquid+50%pig manure organic nitrogen replacement(N3)and 100%pig manure organic nitrogen replacement(N4).The results showed that the amount of phosphorus loss in runoff of each fertilization treatment was N4>N3>N1>CF>N2,among which N4 treatment was the highest,reaching P 44.99 kg/hm2,N2 treatment was the lowest,which was only P 3.94 kg/hm2 and 8.76%of the former.The amount of K loss in runoff of each fertilization treatment was N1>N3>N4>N2>CF,the highest was K 43.48 kg/hm2 of N1 treatment,the lowest was K 24.78 kg/hm2 of CF.There was no significant difference in the yield of different fertilization treatments.In a comprehensive comparison,N2 treatment can significantly reduce the risk of runoff phosphorus and potassium loss on the basis of maintaining a certain yield,which is a more suitable fertilization mode.

关 键 词：沼液 猪粪有机肥 磷 钾 径流流失 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]