美职篮“工资帽”制度的反垄断法分析--兼评中职篮“工资帽”制度的合法性  

An Analysis of Antitrust Law on the NBA Salary Cap Regulations and on the Legality of the CBA Salary Cap Regulations

作　　者：张晨颖[1,2] 李希梁 

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院 [2]清华大学法学院竞争法与产业促进研究中心

出　　处：《竞争政策研究》2020年第6期47-62,共16页Competition Policy Research

摘　　要：美职篮通过实施工资帽制度限制篮球俱乐部在球员薪资上的支出,以达到俱乐部竞争平衡,美职篮长期稳定发展的目的。法院在伍德案、威廉姆斯案等案件中利用非成文法劳动豁免制度直接将工资帽制度排除在《谢尔曼法》的审查之外,但豁免制度的延伸适用引发了诸多争议,未能根本解决工资帽制度的违法风险。通过合理原则的进一步分析,证明美职篮的工资帽制度促进竞争的效果比反竞争后果更大,为其合法性提供更有力的背书。我国中职篮的工资帽制度在一定程度上借鉴了美职篮的工资帽制度,但在具体规则的构设上严重排除、限制竞争,构成固定价格行为,违反《反垄断法》的规定,未来应加以完善。By implementing a salary cap system to limit the amount of money basketball clubs spend on player salaries,the National Basketball Association aims to achieve a competitive balance for clubs and long-term stability for its future.Courts have used the Non-statutory Labor Exemptions in cases such as Wood and Williams to directly exclude the salary cap system from Sherman Antitrust Act review,but the extended application of the exemptions has generated much controversy and failed to address the risk of salary cap violations at all.Further analysis through the rule of reason demonstrates that the NBA's salary cap system has greater pro-competitive effects than restrictive consequences,providing a stronger endorsement of its legitimacy.To a certain extent,the salary cap system of the China Basketball Association has borrowed from the salary cap system of NBA teams,but the construction of specific rules severely eliminate or restrict competition,which constitutes fixed-price behavior and violates the provisions of China’s Anti-monopoly Law.Therefore,improvements must be made.

关 键 词：工资帽制度 美职篮 竞争平衡 合理原则 价格固定 

分 类 号：DD912.29[政治法律—法学] D971.2