微生物炭基土壤调理剂对水稻生长生理和镉吸收的影响  

Effects of Microbial and Biochar Soil Conditioners on Rice Growth and Cadmium Uptake

作　　者：宋如荻 彭晓英[1,2] 王亦豪 田梓轩 刘福来 王惠群[1,2] SONG Rudi;PENG Xiaoying;WANG Yihao;TIAN Zixuan;LIU Fulai;WANG Huiqun(Hunan Agricultural University a.College of Bioscience and Biotechnology,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Miscanthus Ecological Applications,Changsha 410128,China;Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences,Faculty of Science,University of Copenhagen,Tåstrup DK-2630,Denmark)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学芒属植物生态应用技术湖南省工程实验室,长沙410128 [3]哥本哈根大学理学院植物与环境科学系,泰斯特鲁普DK-2630

出　　处：《激光生物学报》2020年第6期561-569,共9页Acta Laser Biology Sinica

基　　金：湖南省科技厅重点项目(2016JC2031);湖南农业大学神农学者刘福来项目(5407316,5407318);湖南省农业委员会研究项目(1114);长沙市科技局重点项目(kq1901031);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(51909220)。

摘　　要：为了研究3种不同物质属性的土壤调理剂及其配伍对水稻生长生理和镉吸收的影响,采用随机区组设计,共设4个处理:CK(常规施肥)、T1(常规施肥+细胞分裂素生产菌剂)、T2(常规施肥+细胞分裂素生产菌剂+南荻炭)和T3(常规施肥+细胞分裂素生产菌剂+南荻炭+活性硅),以研究微生物炭基土壤调理剂对镉污染土壤中水稻品种黄花占生长生理和镉吸收的影响。结果表明:经T1、T2和T3处理的水稻抽穗期剑叶的净光合速率均高于CK,其中T3处理的水稻抽穗期剑叶的净光合速率达到17.67μmol/(m2·s);过氧化氢酶活性、超氧化物歧化酶活性和根系活力均显著高于CK;各处理相对产量与CK均具有显著差异,其大小顺序均为T3>T2>T1>CK,与CK相比,T1、T2和T3处理的增产率为20.07%~27.94%,水稻茎秆镉含量和籽粒镉含量的大小顺序均为CK>T1>T2>T3,T3处理使生长在土壤镉含量为1.84 mg/kg中水稻籽粒的镉含量低至0.20 mg/kg。综上,微生物炭基土壤调理剂能够增强水稻抗逆生理能力,提高水稻根系活力和细菌多样性,提高抽穗期水稻的光合作用能力,增加收获期的株高和相对产量,降低籽粒镉含量和茎秆到籽粒的镉转运系数,提高籽粒品质;且多元复配固态土壤调理剂比单一土壤调理剂的应用效果更佳。这些研究结果可为镉污染区内的水稻安全生产应用技术的研究提供一定的理论依据。In order to study the effects of three different soil conditioners and their compatibilities on rice growth physiology and cadmium absorption,a random block design was used and a total of 4 treatments were set up:CK(conventional fertilization),T1(conventional fertilization+cytokinin producing bacteria agent),T2(conventional fertilization+cytokinin producing bacteria agent+Miscanthus lutarioriparius biochar),T3(conventional fertilization+cytokinin producing bacteria agent+Miscanthus lutarioriparius biochar+active silicon).Therefore,we can study the effects of microbial biochar soil conditioners on the growth physiology and cadmium uptake of rice variety Huanghuazhan in cadmium-contaminated soil.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaves at the heading stage of rice treated with T1,T2 and T3 was higher than that of CK,of which the net photosynthetic rate of T3 reached 17.67μmol/(m2·s);catalase activity and superoxide dismutase activity and root vitality were significantly higher than the control.The relative yield of each treatment is significantly different from that of CK,and the order of size is T3>T2>T1>CK.The relative yield of each treatment was significantly different from that of CK,and the order of magnitude was T3>T2>T1>CK.Compared with that of CK,the increased yield percentage of T1,T2 and T3 treatments was in the range of 20.07%to 27.94%at mature stage.The cadmium content of rice stem and grain were in the order of CK>T1>T2>T3.The grain of T3 was as low as 0.20 mg/kg to grow soil of 1.84 mg/kg cadmium content.In conclusion,microbial and birchar soil conditioners could enhance the capacity of rice physiological resistance,root activity and bacterial diversity,improve the photosynthesis at heading stage,increase the plant height and relative yield at mature stage,reduce the grain cadmium content and cadmium translocation coefficient from stem to grain,therefore improve the grain quality.Moreover,the application effect of multi-component solid soil conditioner is better than that o

关 键 词：细胞分裂素生产菌剂 南荻炭 水稻 生长生理 镉吸收 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]