页岩气油基钻屑真空热解工艺优化试验  

Experimental Study on Optimization of Vacuum Pyrolysis Process of Oil-based Drilling Cuttings in Shale Gas Field

作　　者：熊德明 廖朋 刘璞 王朝强 Xiong Deming;Liao Peng;Liu Pu;Wang Chaoqiang(Chongqing Environmental Protection Engineering Technology Center for Shale Gas Development;Chongqing Environmental Protection Center for Shale Gas Technology&Development;Yangtze Normal University)

机构地区：[1]重庆市页岩气开发环境保护工程技术研究中心 [2]重庆市涪陵页岩气环保研发与技术服务中心 [3]长江师范学院

出　　处：《油气田环境保护》2020年第6期17-21,67,68,共7页Environmental Protection of Oil & Gas Fields

摘　　要：涪陵页岩气田油基钻屑热解技术具有油回收率高、稳定可靠、安全环保的优点,针对其存在能耗高、易结焦、回收油品质量低等工程实际问题,在充分调研现场热馏炉式连续回收处理设备的基础上,自制了热解模拟试验装置。通过研究单因素对热解效果的影响,优选了油基钻屑热解参数,试验表明:热解终温、停留时间、升温速率、真空度对油基钻屑热解效果均有影响,其中热解温度是影响油基钻屑热解效果的主要因素;其次正交试验筛选出了油基钻屑热解最佳运行条件,当热解温度为400℃,停留时间为50 min,升温速率为30℃/min,真空度为0.1 MPa,试验未发现结焦现象,处理后的油基钻屑残渣含油率为0.29%,满足GB 4284—2018《农用污泥污染物控制标准》农用地标准(含油率小于0.30%);热解矿物油测试分析表明热解前后矿物油的组分分布基本一致,以烷烃类(60%以上)和芳烃类(约占10%)为主,属典型油基钻屑中总石油烃类分布,热解试验并未破坏基础油组分,回收矿物油的品质较高。After several years of test and practice,it is found that oil-based drilling cuttings pyrolysis technology has many advantages,such as high oil recovery,stability,reliability,safety and environmental protection in Fuling Shale Gas Field.However,there are also practical problems such as high energy consumption,easy coking and low quality of recovered oil.On the basis of fully investigating pyrolysising equipment,a self-made pyrolysis simulation test device has been developed.The pyrolysis parameters of oil-based drilling cuttings are optimized by studying the influence of single factor on pyrolysis effect.The test results show that the pyrolysis efficiency of oil-based drilling cuttings can be affected by final pyrolysis temperature,residence time,heating rate and vacuum degree.The pyrolysis temperature is the main factor affecting the pyrolysis effect.Secondly,the optimum operating conditions of pyrolysis are screened by orthogonal test.When the final pyrolysis temperature is 400℃,residence time is 50 min,heating rate is 30℃/min,vacuum is 0.1 MPa,and no coking phenomenon is found in the test.The oil content of oil-based drilling cuttings residue is 0.29%,which meets the GB 4284—2018“Control Standards of Pollutants in Sludge for Agricultural Use”limit.Finally,the mineral oil tests show that the composition distribution of mineral oil before and after pyrolysis is basically the same,mainly alkanes(over 60%)and aromatics(about 10%).It belongs to the distribution of total petroleum hydrocarbons in typical oil-based drilling cuttings.The pyrolysis test does not destroy the foundation,and the quality of recovered mineral oil is higher.

关 键 词：页岩气 油基钻屑 真空热解 正交试验 参数优化 

分 类 号：X741[环境科学与工程—环境工程]