稻麦联合收获机拨禾轮转速自动控制装置研制  

Development of automatic control system for the rotation speed of combine harvester reel

作　　者：杜娟 姜斌 尹海峰 张隆梅 金诚谦 印祥 Du Juan;Jiang Bin;Yin Haifeng;Zhang Longmei;Jin Chenqian;Yin Xiang(College of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo,255000,China;First Tractor Co.,Ltd.,Luoyang,471039,China;Luoyang Tractor Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Luoyang,471039,China;Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,210014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博255000 [2]第一拖拉机股份有限公司,河南洛阳471039 [3]洛阳拖拉机研究所有限公司,河南洛阳471039 [4]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京市210014

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2020年第12期1-5,共5页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700405);山东省农机装备研发创新计划项目(2018YF006);山东省科技创新基地专项(SDKL2019014)。

摘　　要：稻麦联合收获机拨禾轮转速对作业质量影响较大,拨禾轮转速过低导致作物喂入不及时,拨禾轮转速过高导致作物过度击打而造成落粒损失。若拨禾轮转速能够随作业速度自适应调节,将很大程度上降低割台损失。针对这一问题设计一种稻麦联合收获机拨禾轮转速自动控制装置,使拨禾轮以适当转速稳定转动。重点对拨禾轮驱动机构、转速测量装置和转速控制器进行设计。转速控制器采用PID控制算法比较实际转速和目标转速的大小并确定合理的电机转速控制信号,使拨禾轮主轴以目标转速旋转。性能测试结果表明,所研制的稻麦联合收获机拨禾轮转速自动控制装置的转速控制误差小于3.5 r/min,最大相对转速误差为8.6%,其控制稳定性和可靠性能够满足稻麦联合收获机田间作业的基本要求。The working quality of the combine harvester is affected by the rotation speed of the reel to a great extent.The crop is missed if the rotation speed is too small while the crop is impacted if the rotation speed is too high.The header loss will be greatly reduced if the reel speed is adaptive to the moving speed.An automatic speed control system was developed to maintain the reel rotation at a desired speed by designing the reel driving mechanism,speed measurement device and speed controller.The speed controller was used to read information,compare actual speed and target speed,and determine an appropriate speed signal to the motor driver.Results showed that the speed error was less than 3.5 r/min and the maximum relative speed error was 8.6%,which implicated that the newly developed automatic control system for the reel rotation speed met requirements in stability and reliability.

关 键 词：稻麦联合收获机 拨禾轮 转速自动控制 占空比 

分 类 号：S225.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]