我国黄河流域棉区棉花机械化打顶的生产技术路线探析  

Analysis on the production technology route of mechanized topping ofcotton in the Yellow River Basin of China

作　　者：陈长林 谢庆 张爱民 王建合 孙勇飞 郝延杰 肖延仁 温晓涵 Chen Changlin;Xie Qing;Zhang Aimin;Wang Jianhe;Sun Yongfei;Hao Yanjie;Xiao Yanren;Wen Xiaohan(Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,210014,China;Binzhou Agricultural Machinery Research Institute,Binzhou,256601,China;Hebei Agricultural Mechanization Technology Promotion Terminal,Shijiazhuang,050011,China;Nangong Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Nangong,055750,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京市210014 [2]滨州市农业机械化科学研究所,山东滨州256601 [3]河北省农机化技术推广总站,石家庄市050011 [4]南宫市农业农村局,河北南宫055750

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2020年第12期12-14,167,共4页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(S201929、S201928);山东省农机装备研发创新计划(2018YF053);河北省棉花产业体系(HBCT2018040205)。

摘　　要：棉花打顶是棉花生产管理的一项重要环节,也是一项费工费时、劳动密集的应急工程;实施棉花打顶机械化,有利于解放劳动力,提高生产效率,是广大棉农增产增收的重要手段。针对黄河流域棉区特点,采用农机与农艺融合,从棉花品种筛选、标准化种植模式、轻简化管理等入手,提出实施棉花机械化打顶作业条件与要求,即选用早熟性状棉花品种,76 cm等行距的标准化种植模式,采用统一和联合病虫害防治,以及前轻后重的化学调控。通过实施不同时期的机械化打顶对比试验,得出最佳打顶时期比常规的人工打顶期要推迟1周左右,籽棉产量可接近人工打顶的总产量。Cotton topping is an important part of cotton production management,and also a labor-intensive and time-consuming emergency project;the implementation of mechanization of cotton topping is conducive to liberating labor force,improving production efficiency,and it is an important means for the majority of cotton farmers to increase production and income.According to the characteristics of cotton area in the Yellow River Basin,this paper adopted the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy,starting at the aspects of cotton variety selection,standardized planting mode,light and simplified management.The conditions and requirements for the implementation of cotton mechanized topping operation were put forward,including to select cotton varieties with early maturity,to plant cotton with equal row spacing of 76 cm,to adopt unified and combined pest control,and chemical control of light before and heavy after.Through the comparative experiment of mechanized topping in different periods,it is concluded that the best topping time is about one week later than the conventional artificial topping period,and the seed cotton yield can approach the total yield of artificial topping.

关 键 词：棉花 打顶 生产机械化 黄河流域 

分 类 号：S233.75[农业科学—农业机械化工程]