果园风送喷雾风量调节研究现状与趋势  

Current status and trends of research on adjusting air volume of orchard air spray

作　　者：牛成强 张文静 王泉 赵性祥 樊桂菊[1,3,4] 姜红花 Niu Chengqiang;Zhang Wenjing;Wang Quan;Zhao Xingxiang;Fan Guiju;Jiang Honghua(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai an,271018,China;College of Information Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai an,271018,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Machinery and Equipment,Tai an,271018,China;Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Intelligence,Tai an,271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学机械与电子工程学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学信息科学与工程学院,山东泰安271018 [3]山东省园艺机械与装备重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [4]山东省农业装备智能化工程实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2020年第12期48-54,共7页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019NJ001);山东省重点研发计划项目(2019JZZY010706、2015GNC112004);山东农业大学“双一流”科技创新团队(SYL2017XTTD07)。

摘　　要：与传统喷药装备相比,果园风送式喷雾机农药利用率和作业效率都明显提高,目前已成为果园机械化植保的主要机具,提高风送喷雾作业质量是机械化植保的重要研究内容。现阶段国内风送喷雾机大多采用恒定大风量喷雾,在喷雾过程中存在风送系统结构配置不当、风量作业参数调整实时性差,难以对风量进行精准控制等问题,很难做到同时适用多种树形,智能化喷雾程度较低。国内外风送喷雾机风送系统的研究主要集中在气流场分布、气流运动规律及变风装置结构、关键部件设计等方面,本文结合现阶段研究现状,对现有试验研究中所采用的风量理论原则,CFD风场模型仿真结果和变风量装置综合分析,提出基于农机农艺结合改进果树种植模式、完善有限元仿真试验参数、提高风量机械调节智能化程度等策略,以期为风送喷雾机整机结构改进提供参考依据。Compared with traditional spraying equipment,the utilization rate of pesticides and the operating efficiency of orchard air-assisted sprayers have been significantly improved.It has become the main equipment for mechanized plant protection in orchards.Improving the quality of air spraying is an important research content of mechanized plant protection.At this stage,most domestic air-assisted sprayers use constant high-volume.During the spraying process,improper configuration of the air-feed system and poor real-time adjustment of operating parameters cause serious drift loss.It is difficult to accurately control the air volume and it is difficult to achieve simultaneous application to variety of tree shapes.Otherwise,the degree of intelligent spray is low.The research on the air delivery system of the air delivery sprayer at home and abroad mainly focuses on the distribution of the airflow field,the law of air movement and the structure of the variable wind device,and the design of key components.In order to improve the operation efficiency and real-time control performance of the air delivery system,it need to gradually realize intelligence.Combined with the current research status,this paper comprehensives analysis of the air volume theory principles used in the existing experimental research,CFD wind field model simulation results and variable air volume devices.Moreover,it proposes strategies:improve the planting mode of fruit trees based on the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy;improve the parameters of the finite element simulation test;and improve the intelligent degree of air volume mechanical adjustment.The development trend was put forward to provide a reference for the improvement of the overall structure of the air-assisted sprayer.

关 键 词：果园 植保作业 风送喷雾 风量调节 

分 类 号：S224.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]