晚清江南士大夫的致仕生涯——以顾文彬为中心  

The Retired Life of Late Qing Jiangnan Literati:A Case Study Based on Gu Wenbin

作　　者：范金民 FAN Jinmin(School of History,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学历史学院,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第1期1-24,共24页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“江南地域文化的历史演进”(项目编号:10&ZD069);南京大学文科“双一流”建设科研项目“中国与世界:海上丝绸之路的历史演进”。

摘　　要：经过太平天国时期的兵燹,苏州仍不失为宜居城市,依然麇集吸引着一批缙绅士人,在那里诗文唱和、传承文脉,谱写江南文化的篇章,展示江南士绅生活的丰富面相。浙江宁绍台道著名收藏家顾文彬就是典型。顾文彬致仕居家期间,与一批情投意合的乡宦绅士日相过从,以其所蓄资财和诗文才情,频频地互相招请聚饮,觥筹交错之际,诗文酬唱,清音度曲,卧游园苑,赏鉴金石书画,更不时博弈寻欢、招妓侑觞,日常生活过得丰富多彩,有滋有味。他们在诗文唱和、文玩鉴赏的同时,也关心地方事务,热心地方公益和社会慈善事业,在地方社会事务中发挥倡率示范作用。在“同光中兴”的社会大背景下,顾文彬等乡宦,与官府官员保持良好正常的交往,不即不离,既不疏远,又不过于近密,基本上循规蹈矩,在官府的允准和掌握下,展开社会活动,从事社会公益事业,兼以从事诗文唱和、金石赏鉴收藏雅事。这可能是江南士大夫较为恒常、最为留恋的乡居生活。Despite the trauma of Taiping Rebellion(1850⁃1864),Suzhou was still a pleasant city which attracted numerous gentry scholars.They echoed each other with poems and essays,inherited the cultural tra⁃dition,and wrote new chapters of Jiangnan culture.All these activities showed diversified aspects of the lives of Jiangnan gentry class.Gu Wenbin(顾文彬),a famous collector and Intendant of Ning⁃Shao Circuit(宁绍台道),was a case in point.After his retirement,Gu Wenbin kept close contacts with local gentry and retired officials.Their wealth and talents enabled them to amuse each other with wine,music,poems,appreciating calligraphy,paintings of famous gardens and antique stone stele carvings,and sometimes gambling and courte⁃sans.They led a varied life with gusto.At the same time,they also cared about local affairs and were enthusi⁃astic about public welfare and social charity,playing an exemplary role in local society.Under the background of“Tong⁃Guang Restoration”(1862⁃1894),the retired officials like Gu Wenbing maintained friendly and nor⁃mal relationship with the local governors,neither too close nor too alienated.Observing the rules,they carried out benevolent undertakings with the permission of the government,and engaged in scholarly pastimes such as poem composition and antique collection and appreciation.This might be the most usual and nostalgic retired rural life of Jiangnan literati.

关 键 词：晚清 苏州 顾文彬 日常生活 

分 类 号：K206.6[历史地理—中国史]