逻辑分析是学术研究的重要方法--评顾颉刚先生的学术研究  

The Importance of Logical Analysis Method--Comments on Mr.Gu Jiegang’s Academic Research

作　　者：金春峰[1] JIN Chunfeng(Philosophy Editorial Office,People’s Publishing House,Beijing 100017,China)

机构地区：[1]人民出版社哲学编辑室,北京100017

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第1期25-33,共9页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：逻辑分析是学术研究的重要方法,无论研究哲学还是历史都应自觉运用这一方法。顾颉刚先生国学根底深厚,著作宏富,却不懂得将这一方法运用于自己的研究,故其倡导的古史辨运动,虽建树卓著,但其个人的一些重要考辨,却如沙中楼阁,经不起逻辑分析。如“古代士之流变考”,顾先生用的是简单枚举法,却以之作为全称归纳判断;对夏代的考辨,《论语》可作为支点,顾先生却弃而不用;“汉代今古文经学考”,顾先生追随康有为,违反逻辑论证,以偏概全,颠倒时序,从论据到结论都是错误的。顾先生自己承认不懂逻辑,不知演绎推理及大前提之为立论基础,其真伪必须严加分析检验。Logical analysis is an important method of scientific research,which should be applied conscious⁃ly in studying philosophy and history.Mr.Gu Jiegang(1893-1980)had a solid foundation in the studies of Chi⁃nese ancient civilization and wrote prolifically on the subject,but he didn’t know how to apply this method to his research.Therefore,although the“Doubting Ancient History”Movement advocated by him had made out⁃standing achievements,some of his important textual research can’t stand logical analysis,like castles in the sand.For example,in“the Study of the Evolution of Ancient Scholars,”Mr.Gu applied simple enumeration method,but used it as the universal for inductive judgment;in the study of the Xia Dynasty,the Analects of Confucius could be used as a supporting point,but Mr.Gu abandoned it.He followed Kang Youwei(1858-1927)in his“study of the Old Texts and the New Texts of the Confucius classics of the Han Dynasty,”arguing against logic,taking a part as the whole and reversing the time sequence.Both the grounds and conclusion of the argu⁃ments are wrong.Mr.Gu himself admitted that he didn’t know logic,nor did he understand deductive reasoning and major premises as the basis of argument.Therefore the truth and falsehood of his arguments must be strictly analyzed and tested.

关 键 词：逻辑分析 顾颉刚 “古代士之流变” “夏”和“夏禹”辩伪 “汉代今古文经学” “五德始终说” 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—中国史]