2017-2018年北京市丰台区小学生流感疫苗接种及保护效果评价  

Immunization coverage of influenza vaccine and evaluation of its protective efficacy among primary school students in Fengtai District of Beijing, 2017-2018

作　　者：冯宝玉 杨军勇[1] 刘璐 杨洋[1] 张建军[1] 杨霄星[1] FENG Bao-yu;YANG Jun-yong;LIU Lu;YANG Yang;ZHANG Jian-jun;YANG Xiao-xing(Fengtai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心,北京100070

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2020年第12期1460-1463,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：北京市丰台区卫生计生系统科研项目(2018-82)。

摘　　要：目的了解2017-2018年北京市丰台区小学生流感疫苗接种情况,分析流感疫苗接种在发生流感聚集性疫情时的保护作用。方法选取2017年北京市丰台区小学集中接种免费流感疫苗资料和2017-2018年流感流行季发生的流感聚集性疫情调查资料,进行疫苗接种率和流感疫苗保护效果分析。结果 2017年北京市丰台区107所小学及其分校集中接种免费流感疫苗,在册学生共71 103人,接种人数35 721人,疫苗接种率为50.24%。2017-2018年流感流行季期间,全区共23所小学上报经实验室检测确认的流感聚集性疫情39起,共报告408例病例,发生流感聚集性疫情数量越多、规模越大、疫情发生后产生续发病例的学校,疫苗接种率越低。接种组小学生在流感聚集疫情发生时发病率为22.70%,未接种组发病率为30.30%,疫苗保护率为25.11%,效果指数为1.34。结论接种流感疫苗可减少流感聚集性疫情的发生和扩散,在流感聚集性疫情发生时对学生有一定的保护作用,应加强健康教育和公众交流,进一步提高流感疫苗的接种率。Objective To investigate the coverage of influenza vaccination among pupils in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2017 to 2018, and to evaluate the protective effects of influenza vaccination in the clustering outbreaks of influenza. Methods We collected the data about the coverage of free influenza vaccination in primary school in Fengtai District of Beijing in 2017 and the surveyed data regarding influenza outbreaks occurring in influenza season in 2017-2018, and then analyzed the immunization coverage rate and protective efficacy of influenza vaccine. Results A total of 35,721 pupils from 107 primary schools and their branches with altogether 71,103 registered students in Fengtai District of Beijing in 2017 were vaccinated with free influenza vaccine. The immunization coverage rate of influenza vaccine was 50.24%. A total of 408 cases from 39 laboratory-confirmed clustering outbreaks induced by influenza virus in influenza season in 2017-2018 were reported by 23 primary schools in the district. The immunization coverage rate of influenza vaccine was found to be lower in schools with more and large-scale clustering outbreaks and secondary cases occurring after the outbreak. The incidence rate of influenza occurring during the clustering outbreaks was 22.70% in the pupils vaccinated, and 30.30% in the ones non-vaccinated. The protection rate and effectiveness index of influenza vaccine were 25.11% and 1.34, respectively. Conclusions Influenza vaccination can reduce the occurrence and spread of influenza-virus-induced clustering outbreak, and has a certain protective effect during the clustering outbreak. Health promotion and public communication should be strengthened to further increase the immunization coverage rate of influenza vaccine.

关 键 词：流感 疫苗 接种率 学校 聚集性疫情 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]