晚稻施用有机肥对烟稻轮作烟田土壤供氮能力的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application to the Preceding Crop on Soil N Supplying Capacity of Tobacco Field in Tobacco-rice Rotation Areas

作　　者：卢红玲 高鹏 鲁耀雄 崔新卫 李宏光 闫慧峰[3] 彭福元 LU Hongling;GAO Peng;LU Yaoxiong;CUI Xinwei;LI Hongguang;YAN Huifeng;PENG Fuyuan(Hunan Institute of Agricultural Environment and Ecology,Changsha 410125,China;Chenzhou Tobacco Campany of Hunan Province,Chenzhou,Hunan 423000,China;Institute of Tobacco Research of CAAS,Qingdao 266101,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业环境生态研究所,长沙410125 [2]湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司,湖南郴州423000 [3]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,青岛266101

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2020年第6期17-23,共7页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“特色经济作物化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2018YFD0201104)。

摘　　要：为合理减少湖南烟稻轮作区化肥用量,在郴州桂阳和安仁选取了2种土壤有机质水平的烟稻轮作田,于稻季增施有机肥,减施化肥,田间试验结合35 d淹水培养法研究其对烟草不同生育期土壤供氮能力和烟叶氮吸收利用的影响。结果表明,有机质含量低的桂阳点,稻季施用有机肥可提高烟草移栽前土壤水溶性总氮达31.0%,明显增加烟草打顶期土壤淹水培养的累积矿化氮、有机氮矿化势;而有机质含量高的安仁点,稻季施用有机肥对烟草移栽前土壤水溶性总氮的增加不明显,此时期土壤有机氮矿化势较习惯施肥增加17.6%,但对烟草生长过程中土壤淹水培养累积矿化氮量和氮矿化势影响较小。同时,稻季施用有机肥周年减施氮肥可维持甚至提高烟叶产量和氮肥偏生产力;但另一方面,桂阳烟叶氮含量和烟碱含量降低,氮碱比增加,而安仁烟叶氮含量降低,烟碱含量增加,氮碱比降低。因此,在晚稻施用有机肥1500 kg/hm^2替代150 kg/hm^2复合肥和75 kg/hm^2尿素,烟草季按习惯施肥,减少烟稻轮作区周年氮肥用量23.6%~27.7%,可维持烟叶产量,还可一定程度上提升烟田土壤供氮能力。In order to reduce annual chemical fertilizer amount in tobacco-rice rotation areas of Hunan Province,two experiment sites with different levels of soil organic matter were selected in Guiyang County and Anren County of Chenzhou City.Effects of organic fertilizer applied in the preceding rice crop in reducing the application of chemical fertilizer,and the effects on the N supplying capacity of tobacco field soil,N absorption and utilization of tobacco leaves were studied by field experiments with 35 d waterlogged incubation test.The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer to Guiyang paddy with low level of organic matter increased the soil water-soluble total N by 31.0%before tobacco transplanting,significantly increased the cumulative mineralized N(Nm)and organic N mineralization potential(N0)at tobacco topping stage.And the application of organic fertilizer to Anren paddy with high level of organic matter did not significantly increase the soil water-soluble total N before tobacco transplanting period,but increased N0 by 17.6%,and had low effect on Nm and N0 of soils during tobacco growth process.At the same time,the application of organic fertilizer in rice season maintained or even increased the yield and partial productivity of N fertilizer.The N contents and nicotine contents of tobacco leaves decreased,and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine increased by organic fertilizer application in Guiyang;while the N contents decreased,nicotine contents increased,and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine decreased by organic fertilizer application in Anren accordingly.Above all,applying 1500 kg/hm^2 organic fertilizer instead of 150 kg/hm^2 compound fertilizer and 75 kg/hm^2 urea in late rice season could reduce 23.6%~27.7%of annual N fertilizer application in tobacco rice rotation areas,which could maintain tobacco yield and improve soil nitrogen supply capacity to some extent.

关 键 词：有机肥替代 烟稻轮作 土壤供氮能力 有机氮矿化 淹水培养 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业] S511.33[农业科学—作物学]