八种绿肥对土壤营养和烤烟产质量的影响  

Effects of Eight Kinds of Green Manure on Soil Nutrition,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：李集勤[1] 黄振瑞 杨少海[1] 卢钰升 熊飞 顾文杰 李淑玲[1] LI Jiqin;HUANG Zhenrui;YANG Shaohai;LU Yusheng;XIONG Fei;GU Wenjie;LI Shuling(Grops Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement of Guangdong Province,Guangdong Provincial Engineering&Technology Research Center for Tobacco Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization,Guangzhou 510640,China;Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,China;Ruyuan County Branch of Guangdong Tobacco Shaoguan City Co.,Ltd.,Ruyuan,Guangdong 512700,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院作物研究所,广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室,广东省烟草育种与综合利用工程技术研究中心,广州510640 [2]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广州510640 [3]广东烟草韶关市有限公司乳源县分公司,广东乳源512700

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2020年第6期24-29,共6页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：广东省烟草专卖局科技计划项目“广东植烟土壤耕地保育关键技术研究与示范”(粤烟科专项201702);广东省科技厅农村科技特派员项目“优质烤烟栽培技术示范与推广”(T2018022)。

摘　　要：为筛选出广东韶关烟区适宜的绿肥种类,以光叶紫花苕子、黑麦草、紫花苜蓿、箭舌豌豆、草木樨、田箐、紫云英、红花三叶草等8种绿肥为研究对象,通过大田试验研究了其对土壤营养和烤烟产质量的影响。结果表明,箭舌豌豆和紫花苜蓿处理的烟株株高显著高于对照18.35%以上,其农艺性状综合表现最好,二者的产量和产值均显著高于对照30%以上。所有处理的总糖和还原糖含量偏高,但各绿肥处理均提高了上部叶的钾含量。大部分绿肥种类翻压后土壤pH有下降的趋势,箭舌豌豆处理有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量分别较对照提高4.71%、9.42%和5.36%,其土壤转化酶、脲酶和脱氢酶活性分别较对照提高55.11%、18.22%和12.09%。从提高烟叶产质量和改善植烟土壤养分状况双重角度考虑,箭舌豌豆可以作为广东烟田土壤保育的适宜绿肥种类。In order to select the appropriate green manureof tobacco field in Guangdong province,the effects of eightkinds of green manure includingVicia sativa L.,Lolium perenne L.,Medicago sativa L.,Vicia gigantea bge,Melilotus officinalis,Sesbania cannabina,Astragalus sinicus L.and Trifolium pratense L.on soil nutrition,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied via field experiments.The results showed that the plant height of Vicia sativa L.and Medicago sativa L.treatments were significantly higher(18.35%)than that of the control,and their comprehensive performance of agronomic characters were the best.The yield and output value of both treatments were significantly higher than that of the control by more than 30%.The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar were relatively high in all treatments,but the contents of potassium in the upper leaves were increased in all green manure treatments.The pH of most treatments decreased after being turned over,the contentsoforganic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium of the Vicia sativa L.treatmentwere increased by 4.71%,9.42%and 5.36%,of which the soil invertase,urease and dehydrogenase increased by 55.11%,18.22%and 12.09%.Considering from the aspects of improving the yield,quality of tobacco and improving the nutrient status of tobacco planting soil,theVicia sativa L.can be used as anappropriategreen manure variety for tobacco field conservation in Guangdong province.

关 键 词：绿肥 广东 烟叶产质量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]