不同树脂前驱体配比对无机酚醛气凝胶隔热复合材料性能的影响研究  

Effects of Different Resin Precursor Ratios on Properties ofInorganic Phenolic Aerogel Insulation Composites

作　　者：宋寒[1] 徐春晓 王湘宁 刘韬 苏力军[1] 孙阔 郭慧[1] 李文静[1] SONG Han;XU Chunxiao;WANG Xiangning;LIU Tao;SU Lijun;SUN Kuo;GUO Hui;LI Wenjing(Aerospace Institute of Advanced Materials&Processing Technology,Beijing 100074,China;The Sixth Representative Office in Beijing of Rocket Force,Beijing 100074,China)

机构地区：[1]航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所,北京100074 [2]火箭军装备部驻北京地区第六军事代表室,北京100074

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第S02期525-527,554,共4页Materials Reports

摘　　要：以酚醛树脂溶液为前驱体、石英针刺预制体为增强体,采用RTM(Resin transfer molding)复合浸渍成型的方法制备得到具有纳米多孔结构的酚醛气凝胶/石英纤维复合材料。调整酚醛树脂前驱体的酚醛树脂、二氧化硅含量和固化剂含量,对制备得到的酚醛气凝胶/石英纤维复合材料的性能进行对比分析。研究表明:随着酚醛树脂固含量的提高,复合材料的收缩率明显提高,压缩变形量则先降低后略有增大,导热系数先减小后增大,密度逐渐增大;随着固化剂含量的增大,复合材料的收缩率明显增大,压缩变形量明显降低,密度略有提高,导热系数则呈现先减小后增大的趋势;随着二氧化硅含量的增大,复合材料的收缩率和压缩变形量变化不明显,导热系数和密度均略有提高;溶胶前驱体黏度逐渐增大,复合材料的残重率也有所提高。通过调控酚醛树脂前驱体比例,能够改变材料的收缩、力学、隔热、密度等性能,以满足不同的热防护应用需求。Phenolic aerogel/quartz fiber thermal-protect composites have been prepared by resin transfer molding with different proportion of resin precursors.The properties of composites made of different resin solid contents,curing agent contents,and SiO 2 solid contents have been discussed.It shows that the shrinkage rate and density of composites increases coincide with more resin solid content,while the compression deformation and the thermal conductivity decreases first and then increases.In addition,the shrinkage rate of composites increases and the compression deformation decreases obviously as curing agent content is raised,while the composite density slightly increases,and the thermal conductivity tends to decrease first and then increase.Moreover,along with the increase of SiO 2 solid content,the changes of shrinkage rate and compression deformation are not obvious,while the thermal conductivity and density of composite hardly increase marginally.Besides,the visco-sity of resin precursors and residual weight rate of composite rise.By regulating the proportion of resin precursors,the shrinkage,mechanics,heat insulation and density of the material could be adapted to the demands of high-performance thermal protection applications.

关 键 词：酚醛气凝胶 石英纤维 热防护 复合材料 

分 类 号：V258[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]